A Fast Solar Radiation Transfer Code for Application in Climate Models

1983

A method is presented for the calculation of solar heating rates in turbid and cloudy atmospheres. In contrast to other typical two-stream procedures, the system of differential equations describing the radiative transfer is decoupled through the application of a series expansion of the flux densities resulting in a single analytical expression for each flux. The present method (PM) yields a solution for the entire atmosphere instead of individual atmospheric layers. This procedure avoids as part of the solution scheme the inversion of a rather complex matrix thus resulting in high numerical efficiency. The model includes the absorption by atmospheric gases such as water vapor, CO2, O3 and …

"Synaptic" ribbons and spherules of the guinea pig pineal gland: inverse day/night differences in number.

1983

The present study deals with the functionally enigmatic "synaptic" ribbons and spherules of guinea pig pinealocytes. Whereas the ribbons have been shown to exhibit a 24-hr rhythmicity with low numbers during the day and high numbers at night, very little of a definitive nature is known about the spherules. Sixteen male guinea pigs of the Hartley strain were perfusion fixed, 8 between 0900-1100 hr, and 8 between 2100-2300 hr. The ribbons and spherules were counted in the pineal parenchyma of the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions. In confirmation of earlier studies, it was found that "synaptic" ribbons are equally abundant in the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions of the glan…

On the phase transition in CsCN

1983

X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements have been performed on the molecular crystal CsCN as a function of temperature. The order parameter of the cubic to rhombohedral phase transition (Tc=186 K) was determined and interpreted by a coupling of the (CN)− orientations to the shear strain. At lower temperatures the dielectric response is dominated by thermally activated relaxations processes rather than by electrical ordering of the CN dipoles.

Determination of the isotope shift in theD 1 line between197Au and195Au

1983

The isotope shift between197Au (stable) and195Au (T 1/2=183 d) was determined by resonance fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy in the 6s2 S 1/2 -6p 2 P 1/2, λ =267.6nm line. The result is δν195, 197=-2.9(2) GHz corresponding to a change of the mean-square charge radius by δ〈r 2〉195, 197=0.063(9) fm2. The sample was confined to a resonance cell heated to temperatures of up to 1500°C.

Evidence for molecular-cluster states in222Th

1983

The groundstate and a negative parity band of222Th have been observed in the208Pb (180, 4n)222Th reaction by conversion electron and γ-ray spectroscopy identifying the evaporation residues in a recoil separator. The de-excitation pattern is characterized by strong El transitions interconnecting the levels of alternating parity. The yrast levels may be interpreted as a molecularcluster band.

The Effect of Media on Media Effects Research

1983

Pour une carte universitaire optimale

1983

International audience

Anwendungsm�glichkeiten der intraoperativen Sonographie

1983

Sonographie, Computertomographie, Angiographie und endoskopisch retrograde Cholangiopancreaticographie haben sich in der Allgemein- und Gefaschirurgie als wertvolle Untersuchungsmethoden etabliert. Schwierigkeiten bestehen jedoch manchmal in der Korrelation der Praoperativen Befunde mit dem intraoperativen Befund. Hier ist das Anwendungsgebiet der intraoperativen Sonographie (IOS) zu sehen. Sie bietet dem Chirurgen eine zusatzliche Information durch Darstellung von pathologischen Gefasprozessen, Kontrolle von Gefasanastomosen, intraoperative FlowMessung in Gefasen, Lokalisationsdiagnostik in parenchymatosen Organen. Die intraoperative Sonographie ist somit ein neues Instrument des Chirurgen…

false

1983

Relationship between isokinetic performance and ballistic movement

1983

The present experiments were carried out to assess the relationship between the mechanical behaviour of the leg extensor muscles in 12 male athletes during activities of a ballistic type and torque production, during: (1) torque production during isokinetic contraction: (2) ballistic type activities (vertical jumps from statis position = SJ, with counter-movement equal CMJ and after a fall from different heights equal DJ) and (3) a new anaerobic test (Bosco 1983a). This consisted of performing continuous jump work for a certain period of time (e.g., 60 s). Both ballistic activities and anaerobic power tests demonstrated the highest relationship with peak torques when this was developed resp…

Ultrastructure, development, and moulting of the aesthetascs of Neomysis integer and Idotea baltica (Crustacea, Malacostraca)

1983

The development of the aesthetascs of Neomysis integer (Malacostraca, Mysidacea) and Idotea baltica (Malacostraca, Isopoda) were investigated by electron microscope methods. Basically the aesthetascs of both species develop according to the same pattern. The newly formed sensillar shafts lie invaginated within the epidermal tissue. They are formed by numerous enveloping cells, which are arranged telescopically one by one. Each enveloping cell secretes a definite portion of the new shaft cuticle. The innermost enveloping cell extends furthest distally and deposits the cuticle of the future shaft tip. The outer enveloping cells produce the cuticle of the more proximal shaft portions. Whereas …

The variation of acetylcholine release from myenteric neurones with stimulation frequency and train length. Role of presynaptic muscarine receptors.

1983

1. The effects of scopolamine on the release of 3H-acetylcholine (ACh) from the guinea-pig myenteric plexus were studied at different stimulation frequencies (0.03–10 Hz) and train lengths (1–180 pulses). Release of 3H-ACh was measured in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors as the outflow of tritium from myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations preloaded with 3H-choline. 2. In control experiments the volley output of 3H-ACh declined with increasing train length and increasing stimulation frequency. Stimulation by one pulse produced the highest volley output. 3. Scopolamine facilitated the evoked output of 3H-ACh via blockade of presynaptic muscarine receptors. A significant in…

CAPD + hemoperfusion once a week in the management of children with end-stage renal disease

1983

With hemoperfusion there is a sharp decline in the solute concentration of the blood compartment, but immediately after HP the concentration of these substances rises to the original level (post-Hp rebound). It may be inferred that the result would be better and the rebound phenomenon less marked if hemoperfusion could be combined with a continuous dialysis system such as CAPD. The study was performed in 3 children of our CAPD programm. All patients were dialysed with 5 daily exchange each of one liter. The patients underwent at 2-hours hemoperfusion with a charcoal column (Gambro Adsorba 150 c) once a week. The data obtained with this form of treatment are indicative for a: significant in…

Angular distribution of inclusive lepton pairs from heavy quarkonium decay

1983

We calculate polar and azimuthal angular distributions of inclusive lepton pairs in the decay $$Q\bar Q(1^{ - - } ) \to 1^ + 1^ - + X$$ from the first order QCD process $$Q\bar Q(1^{ - - } ) \to 1^ + 1^ - + gg$$ . We provide opening angle distributions of the lepton pair in order to assess the measurability of the lepton pairs.

false

1983

Introduction des groupes alkyl dans le polyamide commercial Trogamid T. Formation d'anions polyamides par l'hydrure de sodium puis alkylation par les bromures d'alkyle

Influence of lactate accumulation of EMG frequency spectrum during repeated concentric contractions

1983

One hundred and twenty consecutive maximal leg extensions at a constant angular velocity of 1.5 radians . s-1 were performed by nine physical education students. Integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity and power spectrum density function (PSDF) of the EMG were recorded from m. vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and m. rectus femoris using bipolar surface electrodes. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis before and after exercise. Tissue samples were analyzed for muscle fiber type distribution and lactate and glycogen concentration. Muscle force and IEMG decreased in parallel over the exercise period. Thus, the IEMG/force ratio was unchanged. Mean power frequency (MPF) o…

Elimination of unitarily nonequivalent vacua in supersymmetric grand unified theories by gravity

1983

Abstract In globally supersymmetric grand unified theories, there may be unitarily nonequivalent vacua which are not present in ordinary theories, reflecting the invariance of the Higgs potential under the complex extension of the gauge group. We show that such vacua are eliminated in the presence of N = 1 supergravity coupling, if local supersymmetry is broken and the costomological constant vanishes.

Precise determination of the171Yb+ ground state Hyperfine separation

1983

We performed a microwave-optical double resonance experiment on the ground state of171Yb+ ions. About 105 particles were confined in a r.f. quadrupole trap for periods of several hours in the presence of He buffer gas. Hyperfine pumping by a pulsed dye laser was followed by microwave transitions, which we observed via changes in the ionic fluorescence intensity. The ground state hyperfine splitting has been determined togD W=12642812124.2±1.4 Hz. The ultimate line width obtained in this experiment was 33 mHz, corresponding to a lineQ of 3.8·1011. The final error ofgD W is mainly determined by the accuracy of the available frequency reference.

With Good Intentions: Quaker Work among the Pawnees, Otos, and Omahas in the 1870s

1983

On the analysis of the cat's pattern recognition system

1983

The objective of the paper is to determine in abstract terms the algorithms used by the cat detecting simple patterns and to quantify the contributions of the visual areas 17, 18, 19 for this task. The data incorporated in the algorithm are collected from behavioral experiments where the animals had to distinguish between two patterns. The patterns were superimposed with gaussian noise and the detection probability was measured. The resulting model describes pattern recognition in two steps: first extraction of features and second classification. The test of the validity of the model system was to predict the outcome of similar experiments but with different patterns. With the help of the m…

The reliability of nuclear model predictions of?-decay properties of nuclei far from stability

1983

A fast approximate method for the calculation of the infrared radiation balance within city street cavities

1983

The approximate calculation method for diffuse solar irradiances in street cavities presented in an earlier paper is extended to include infrared flux densities. By expanding the infrared sky radiance as a truncated trigonometric series, it becomes possible to solve the integrals representing the obstruction of the sky analytically. An example is worked out to demonstrate the numerically very efficient calculation procedure.

Cell-cell recognition system in gorgonians: description of the basic mechanism

1983

The dissociation of the gorgonian Eunicella cavolinii (Koch) into single cells was successfully accomplished. These cells readily formed aggregates of a size of 2 100 μm during incubation in roller tubes; no aggregate formation was observed in non-rotating Petri dishes. The formation of aggregates was not influenced by Ca++, urea or trypsin; it was also independent of temperature (4° to 30°C) and pH (5.5–9.0). The intercellular material of the gorgonian contains a galactose-specific lectin, as determined by double diffusion experiments and haemagglutination inhibition experiments using a series of galactoglycoconjugates. This lectin converted the aggregation-susceptible cells to aggregation…

Microprocessor-Based Suboptimal Control of Converter-Fed Hypo-Hypersynchronous Cascade Drives

1983

Abstract This work consists of a theoretic and experimental study of a possible practical realization of a microprocessor-based control system using a converter-fed hypo-hypersynchronous cascade drive. Firstly, the design of a microprocessor-based controller is carried out considering an approximate mathematical model, linear-type, of the drive in question, by using optimal control techniques. Several ρhysical constraints, such as input variables con straints, state variables constraints and processing time of microprocessor are taken into account. The approach followed allows us to obtain a suboptimal closed-looρ control system. In addition, in order to carry out a more accurate study of t…

Selective culture of rat CNS neurons in a synthetic medium.

1983

A Chemically Defined Medium is described which facilitates the survival of neurons in primary cultures of rat cerebral hemispheres. More than 90% of all cells were identified as neurons using neurofilament as a marker in an immunocytochemical assay. In contrast, serum-supplemented medium, by stimulating nonneuronal cell proliferation, hinders the survival of neurons in culture.

Multiple sclerosis patients show an increased spontaneous activity of their peripheral blood monocytes as measured by chemiluminescence

1983

I has been reported that myelin basic protein (BP) reacts extremely sensitively to peroxide, which is formed when monocytes/macrophages are stimulated to produce a "respiratory burst" (RB). We measured the RB activity by means of chemiluminescence in peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) of 17 MS patients, 5 patients with a viral infection of the CNS, and 14 control persons. The median of the spontaneous RB activity of MS patients compared with the median of our control group showed a highly significant increase (P = 0.0002). All MS patients examined possessed a clearly increased MO activity. The highest values, however, were found in MS patients in a bout (means = 315%, means = 296%)…

g-Factor of theT 1/2=35 ns isomeric state in154Er

1983

The reaction32S+126Te has been used to determine theg-factor of theT 1/2=35 ns yrast isomeric state in154Er through the time-differential spin-rotation method. The experimental valueg=+0.017±0.003 agrees with an aligned two-neutron ν(i13/2,h9/2) main configuration and supports an 11− spin-parity assignment for the isomeric state. Unambiguous spin-parity assignment for upper energy yrast states can be deduced. The properties of the isomeric state are discussed.

On the radiative decay of orthoquarkonium via two intermediate gluons: 1−− (Q $$\bar Q$$ ) → γ+1++ (q $$\bar q$$ )

1983

We investigate the decay of a heavy3S1 (Q\(\bar Q\) vector meson into a real photon and two off-shell intermediate gluons which create a3P1(q\(\bar q\)) axial vector meson. As an application we suggest to look for the decayJ/ϕ→ψ+D(1285) andΥ→γ1+P c /χ1++→γ1→γ2+J/ψ.

false

1983

Metabolic changes in the rat liver during pregnancy

1983

During pregnancy the rat liver shows alterations in metabolism which apparently do not to occur in the non-pregnant animal. In our study, the following metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in the liver of pregnant and non-pregnant rats were measured after fasting periods of 6 and 12 h: malate, fumarate, isocitrate, alpha-keto-glutarate, glutamate, malate-dehydrogenase, fumarate-hydratase, glutamate-dehydrogenase, isocitrate-dehydrogenase, aspartate-aminotransferase and after 12 h fast, the concentrations of acetyl coenzyme A and citrate. These results are discussed with regard to their possible importance for the maternal and fetal energy supply.

A statistical approach to an individualized prognostic index (IPI) for breast cancer survivability

1983

The authors present 611 and 262 case histories of patients with breast cancer, studied 5 and 10 years after mastectomy, respectively; 27 clinical and 10 histologic parameters were considered for the statistical evaluation, in order to define an Individualized Prognostic Index (IPI) for breast cancer survivability. The probability of survival was estimated by a Bayesian formula using selected prognostic parameters, these parameters were placed in order of discriminant resolution and, for the calculation of the IPI, were selected according to their importance, as it follows: 5 years after surgery: percent affected nodules, dermal infiltration, TNM phase, Scarff-Bloom index and evolutive outbr…

Overlappingβdecay and resonance neutron spectroscopy of levels inKr87

1983

Energy levels in $^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$ have been studied, with special emphasis on the unbound region, using two different methods. The first method comprises neutron capture and transmission measurements on an enriched gas target of $^{86}\mathrm{Kr}$ using neutron time-of-flight techniques. In this way, neutron widths were determined for 39 resonances below 400 keV and capture areas for 14 resonances below 90 keV. The second method is a decay study of 56-s $^{87}\mathrm{Br}$ in which a level scheme for $^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$ has been established that shows 126 levels in the bound and 12 levels in the unbound region. A detailed comparison amongst the neutron resonance, the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-r…

L'insertion professionnelle des jeunes de niveau 5 en Franche-Comté en 1980

1983

Référence interne : 83024; Les données présentées sont le produit de l'enquête réalisée auprès des jeunes francomtois sortis d'année terminale de CAP ou de BEP au cours de l'année 1978-1979, et ayant quitté me système éducatif. Cette enquête, réalisée en 1980, appréhende la situation des jeunes neuf mois après leur sortie, en mars 1980, et les emplois qu'ils occupent, de façon à cerner leur devenir à la sortie du système éducatif, les conditions d'insertion dans la vie active, et les inter-relations entre caractéristiques de formation reçue, d'une part, et situation et caractéristiques d'emploi d'autre part.

Pharmacokinetics of triamterene after i.v. administration to man: determination of bioavailability.

1983

With a new formulation, which made intravenous infusion of triamterene (TA) possible, plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of TA and its main metabolite (OH-TA-ester) were measured in a randomized, cross-over trial in 6 healthy volunteers given triamterene 10 mg i.v. and 50 mg p.o. TA and OH-TA-ester were determined by densitometric measurement of native fluorescence after thin layer chromatography. Distribution volumes of the central compartment of TA and OH-TA-ester were 1.49 l/kg and 0.11 l/kg, respectively. Terminal half-lives were 255 min for TA and 188 min for OH-TA-ester after i.v. administration. For TA total plasma clearance was 4.5 l/min and renal plasma clearance 0.22 l/kg. …

Activation of the first component of complement, C1: comparison of the effect of sixteen different enzymes on serum C1.

1983

In this study, the effect of sixteen different enzymes on serum C1 and its subcomponents was investigated. The sixteen enzymes could be divided into three groups. First, enzymes which activate native C1: trypsin (optimal concentration 2.4 x 10(-4) mM); alpha-chymotrypsin (2.3 x 10(3) mM); thrombin (1.0 x 10(-5) mM); plasmin (1.9 x 10(-5) mM); elastase (5.8 x 10(-5) mM); pronase (3.0 x 10(-6) mM). All these enzymes are serine esterase and activate native serum C1 bound to EAC4 at the given concentration within 10 min at 30 degrees C. Furthermore, native C1 inhibited by a pentosanpolysulfoester, Sp54, is unable to undergo the internal activation but can be externally activated by the serine e…

Effect of amorphous sequences on the longitudinal acoustic modes in partially crystalline polymers. I. Transfer matrix method

1983

A novel theoretical scheme is developed which enables the determination of the LAM-like vibrations of polymer chains made up of crystalline and amorphous parts as they occur in partially crystalline structures. The boundary conditions effective at the junction points are formulated in terms of the compliances of the associated amorphous sequences. These compliances can be derived from their eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors in a disconnected state. The treatment uses a matrix formalism which can be extended to include bending and torsional motions in a general state of vibration of the crystalline stem. A first numerical example demonstrates that the LA mode of a crystalline stem can be str…