Search results for " AGRICULTURE"
showing 10 items of 2212 documents
Ongoing and emerging questions in water erosion studies
2017
51 Pags.- 9 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X
Real-time Multispectral Image Processing and Registration on 3D Point Cloud for Vineyard Analysis
2021
International audience; Nowadays, precision agriculture and precision viticulture are under strong development. In order to accomplish effective actions, robots require robust perception of the culture and the surrounding environment. Computer vision systems have to identify plant parts (branches, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, vegetables, etc.) and their respective health status. Moreover, they must merge various plant information, to measure agronomic indices, to classify them and finally to extract data to enable the agriculturist or expert to make a relevant decision. We propose a real-time method to acquire, process and register multispectral images fused to 3D. The sensors system, co…
Diuron mineralisation in a Mediterranean vineyard soil: impact of moisture content and temperature
2010
BACKGROUND: The diuron-mineralising ability of the microbiota of a Mediterranean vineyard soil exposed each year to this herbicide was measured. The impact of soil moisture and temperature on this microbial activity was assessed. RESULTS: The soil microbiota was shown to mineralise diuron. This mineralising activity was positively correlated with soil moisture content, being negligible at 5% and more than 30% at 20% soil moisture content. According to a double Gaussian model applied to fit the dataset, the optimum temperature/soil moisture conditions were 27.9 °C/19.3% for maximum mineralisation rate and 21.9 °C/18.3% for maximum percentage mineralisation. The impact of temperature and soil…
Evidence for 2,4-D mineralisation in Mediterranean soils: impact of moisture content and temperature
2009
BACKGROUND: The 2,4-D degradation ability of the microbiota of three arable Mediterranean soils was estimated. The impact of soil moisture and temperature on 2,4-D degradation was investigated. RESULTS: The microbiota of the three soils regularly exposed to 2,4-D were able rapidly to mineralise this herbicide. The half-life of 2,4-D ranged from 8 to 30 days, and maximum mineralisation of 14C-2,4-D ranged from 57 to 71%. Extractable 14C-2,4-D and 14C-bound residues accounted for less than 1 and 15% respectively of the 14C-2,4-D initially added. The highest amounts of 14C-2,4-D bound residues were recorded in the soil with the lowest 2,4-D-mineralising ability. Although all three soils were a…
Turnover and availability of soil organic carbon under different Mediterranean land-uses as estimated by13C natural abundance
2013
Summary Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor in ecosystem stability and productivity. This is especially the case for Mediterranean soils suffering from the impact of human degradation as well as harsh climatic conditions. We used the carbon (C) exchange resulting from C3-C4 and C4-C3 vegetation change under field conditions combined with incubations under controlled conditions to evaluate the turnover and availability of soil organic C under different land-uses. The 40-year succession of Hyparrenia hirta L. (C4 photosynthesis) after more than 85 years of olive tree (Olea europaea L.; C3 photosynthesis) growth led to the exchange of 54% of soil organic C from C3 to C4 forms. In …
Use Of Plants To Remediate Soil Polluted With Oil
2015
In the present investigation the growing and development ability of various annual and perennial plants to grow on model peat substrate artificially polluted with oil products in the range of concentrations from 1 to 5% was evaluated. The highest tolerance towards peat contamination by oil products has been demonstrated by three annual crops (maize, oat and lupine). These plants were tested for phytoremediation of polluted black soil from the area of oil refinery plant (Mazeikiai, Lithuania), which was treated by association of oil oxidizing bacteria up to residual concentration of the oil products of 4.5 %. The maize plants revealed the highest remediation ability: oil content in the soil …
Impacts and adaptation options of climate change on ecosystem services in Finland: a model based study
2013
At a global level, it is estimated that nearly two-thirds of ecosystem services have been degraded in just fifty years. The additional stresses imposed by climate change will require extraordinary adaptation. This paper synthesises main result of a large Finnish project studying the vulnerability of key ecosystem services to climate change and the possibilities for the individual sectors to adapt to these changes. The project based its work on data and infrastructures of nine intensively studied areas belonging to the Finnish LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) network. The methods developed and used included remote sensing, derivation of impact scenarios, dynamic modelling, laboratory exp…
Organic carbon dynamics in soil particle-size separates of sandy Spodosols when forest is cleared for maize cropping
2003
Summary In southwest France, much of the forest lands on sandy Spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of such change on the content and properties of the soil organic matter, we compared the amount of organic carbon and 13C natural abundance in soil and particle-size separates at three locations, selected on the basis of different contents of 0–50 μm particles (clay + silt). After three decades of cultivation, the amount of carbon from the forest pools (Cf) decreased by about 60%, attributable mainly to easily degradable material in sand-sized fractions (−70%). However, a recalcitrant residue remained in soil at a constant …
Efficacy and foliar absorption of flupyrsulfuron-methyl and prosulfocarb applied alone or in mixture on Lolium multiflorum and wheat
2001
Des melanges de flupyrsulfuron-methyle et de prosulfocarbe concus pour ameliorer la lutte contre Lolium multiflorum Lam. dans le ble (Triticum aestivum L.) ont ete etudies grâce a des essais biologiques sur plantes entieres et a des etudes de penetration foliaire. Dans les essais biologiques, le flupyrsulfuron-methyle et le prosulfocarbe etaient appliques a 6-7 doses, seuls ou en melange dans les rapports 1:400, 1:40 et 1:4 (p/p). Les courbes de reponse etaient ajustees au moyen de modeles logistiques et l'action conjuguee etait evaluee par la methode des isoboles. Dans les essais biologiques conduits en serre sur L. multiflorum, l'action conjuguee des melanges montrait une additivite de do…
The relationship between copper accumulated in vineyard calcareous soils and soil organic matter and iron
2002
Summary The intensive use for over 100 years of copper sulphate (Bordeaux mixture) to fight mildew in vineyards has led to a substantial accumulation of copper (Cu) in surface soils. To assess the effects of such large concentrations, the surface soils of 10 Burgundy vineyards were sampled and analysed for total organic matter (carbon and nitrogen) and metal (copper and iron) contents. Physical (i.e. size fractionation) and chemical (sequential extraction) methods were used to determine the distribution of these elements. The most Cu-contaminated plots showed the largest accumulation of organic carbon and Cu in the coarse sand and fine sand fractions. Copper was strongly correlated with org…