Search results for " DISORDERS"
showing 10 items of 4492 documents
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes
2009
Los trastornos de ansiedad son, en la actualidad, enfermedades psiquiátricas muy frecuentes e incapacitantes. Las mujeres en edad reproductiva son más vulnerables a desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad, aproximadamente entre 2 a 3 veces más que los hombres. Ser hombre o mujer no sólo puede influir en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales, sino también en la manifestación y expresión de los síntomas, la voluntad para solicitar asistencia médica o psicológica, el curso de la enfermedad, incluso en la respuesta al tratamiento. Cada vez hay pruebas más sólidas de que existen diferencias entre ambos sexos respecto a la anatomía cerebral, la neuroquímica y los patrones de activación y respuesta…
Psychiatrists’ inner dialogues concerning workmates during need
2013
Background: In the Need-Adapted approach decisions are made in therapy meetings with all relevant parties; this poses a professional challenge to psychiatrists. Aims: To describe psychiatrists’ inner dialogues concerning their workmates in treatment meetings. Methods: Using videos of co-research interviews, stimulated-recall interviews with eight psychiatrists were conducted and transcribed verbatim. The material was analyzed using an adapted form of dialogical analysis, focusing on voices and positioning. Results: The psychiatrists took actions in the treatment situation not only as professionals, but also as individuals who had their own characteristics, and individual relationships with …
Sleep Disturbances in COPD are Associated with Heterogeneity of Airway Obstruction
2018
Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) experience sleep disturbances due to the impact of respiratory symptoms on sleep quality. We explored whether sleep disturbances in COPD are linked to heterogeneity of airway constriction.The impact of breathing problems on sleep quality was measured in consecutive COPD outpatients with the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS) questionnaire. Impulse oscillometry technique (IOS) was employed to assess heterogeneity of airway constriction. Subjects with a previous or concomitant diagnosis of asthma or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were excluded.Fifty COPD subjects (M/F 40/10; age: 71 +/- 8 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI): 26.2 +/-…
Cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for insomnia among shift workers: RCT in an occupational health setting
2019
Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for insomnia (CBT-I) to that of a sleep hygiene intervention in a randomized controlled design among shift workers. We also studied whether the features of shift work disorder (SWD) affected the results. Methods A total of 83 shift workers with insomnia disorder were partially randomized into a group-based CBT-I, self-help CBT-I, or sleep hygiene control intervention. The outcomes were assessed before and after the interventions and at 6-month follow-up using questionnaires, a sleep diary, and actigraphy. Results Perceived severity of insomnia, sleep-related dysfunction…
Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and In Vivo Exposure Therapy: A Preliminary Comparison of Treatment Efficacy in Small Animal Phobia
2018
This study aggregated data from three randomized control trials to explore the differential efficacy of three forms of exposure therapy, namely, in vivo (iVET), virtual reality (VRET), and augmented reality (ARET), in the treatment of small animal phobia. Additionally, baseline patient characteristics were used to detect subgroups of patients who showed a differential response to certain treatment modalities. Primary measures were distance covered, anxiety during the behavioral avoidance test (BAT), and overall fear of small animals. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to explore the overall treatment effect across the exposure modalities. A cluster analysis and an analysis of…
Somatoforma veģetatīva disfunkcija farmaceita praksē
2020
Ar terminu “somatoforma veģetatīva disfunkcija” (SVD) tiek apzīmēti ķermeņa funkciju un sajūtu traucējumi, gadījumos, kad objektīvs un medicīniski izskaidrojams šo traucējumu iemesls netiek atrasts. Cilvēki ar SVD izjūt dažādus simptomus, piemēram, trauksmi, nemieru, paaugstinātu uzbudināmību, sāpes, kuņģa-zarnu trakta darbības traucējumus, sirds un asinsvadu sistēmas traucējumus, kas izraisa pastāvīgu uztraukumu un diskomfortu. Šie pacienti pārmērīgi meklē medicīnisko palīdzību un mierinājumu, bet viņiem ir grūti pieņemt ne patoloģiskus rezultātus medicīniskajā izmeklēšanā. SVD ir grūti diagnosticējama un prasa vairāku speciālistu palīdzību, ka arī paša cilvēka izturību un līdzestību. SVD …
DNA integrity in diagnosis of premalignant lesions
2020
Background Carcinogenesis is a dynamic process which traditional biopsying can not keep up with. Saliva as fluid in the vicinity of the tumor can offer better insights to this process. This study aimed to identify the accuracy of salivary DNA integrity index in differentiating between oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer. Material and Methods This phase II diagnostic test accuracy study included 93 patients divided into three groups: 30 oral cancer patients, 33 patients with oral premalignant lesions divided into 21 oral lichen planus patients and 12 patients with leukoplakia and 30 normal individuals who acted as controls. Oral rinse was collected from all participants and they all un…
Oral pigmented lesions:a retrospective analysis from Brazil
2020
Background Pigmented lesions are uncommon in the oral mucosa, and studies investigating the incidence and types of these lesions are desired to improve the diagnostic knowledge of clinicians. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral pigmented lesions in a Brazilian population. Material and Methods A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Oral pigmented lesions were retrieved from the files of two oral and maxillofacial pathology services from Brazil over a 45-year period (1974-2019). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were retrieved and included in a Microsoft Excel® database. Results From 77.074 lesions diagnosed in this period, 76…
Nuove dipendenze del terzo millennio: l'utilizzo di steroidi anabolizzanti come sostanza d'abuso
2005
Obiettivo. L'abuso di sostanze anabolizzanti si sta configurando come un problema di rilevanza psicosociale. L'uso di steroidi anabolizzanti in questi ultimi anni si è spostato dalla pratica sportiva professionale allo sport amatoriale e ad ambiti occupazionali particolari (buttafuori, modelli, ect.). La letteratura indica l'assuntore di steroidi come un poliassuntore che mette in atto condotte pericolose e aggressive per sé e per gli altri. L'obiettivo di questo studio è indagare le abitudini, le condotte di vita e il profilo psicologico di un gruppo di soggetti che frequentano centri sportivi nella città di Palermo (Italia), per verificare come l'utilizzo sconsiderato di sostanze anaboliz…
Parent–Infant Attachment Insecurity and Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Mediation through Emotion Suppression and Alexithymia
2021
Contains fulltext : 233652.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Emotional eating (EE), the propensity to eat in response to emotions, is thought to have its origins in the early parent-infant relationship. This study tested the hypothesis that infant attachment insecurity results in EE in adolescence through the increased use of the emotion regulation strategy suppression of emotions and subsequent alexithymia. At the age of 15 months, parent-infant attachment security (n = 129) was observed with two abbreviated attachment measures: the shortened strange situation procedure (SSSP), and the shortened attachment Q-set (S-AQS). At the age of 12 years, children completed self-report questio…