Search results for " Developmen"

Learned parasite avoidance is driven by host personality and resistance to infection in a fish-trematode interaction

2016

Cognitive abilities related to the assessment of risk improve survival. While earlier studies have examined the ability of animals to learn to avoid predators, learned parasite avoidance has received little interest. In a series of behavioural trials with the trematode parasite Diplostomum pseudospathaceum , we asked whether sea trout ( Salmo trutta trutta ) hosts show associative learning in the context of parasitism and if so, whether learning capacity is related to the likelihood of infection mediated through host personality and resistance. We show that animals are capable of learning to avoid visual cues associated with the presence of parasites. However, avoidance behaviour ceased af…

Taxonomic status and epidemiology of the mesoparasitic copepod Pennella balaenoptera in cetaceans from the western Mediterranean.

2018

Pennella balaenoptera is a mesoparasitic copepod that has been reported in at least 17 cetacean species. Subtle morphological differences in the first antennae of adult females have been used to discriminate this species from P. filosa, a species infecting fishes. Other morphological traits are unreliable because of their high plasticity, and no molecular data are available to confirm the taxonomic status of P. balaenoptera as an independent species. We found no consistent morphological differences of the first antennae between P. balaenoptera and P. filosa collected from cetaceans and fish in the western Mediterranean. Molecular data on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I failed…

Phylogeny, biogeography, and chromosome evolution of the amphitropical genus Grindelia (Asteraceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast s…

2012

Pesticide-induced changes in personality depend on the urbanization level

2017

Globally increasing urbanization causes major anthropogenic changes in ecosystems, drastically altering phenotypes of organisms. Increased contamination is a well-known result of urbanization, and its effect on behaviour has been extensively studied. Yet, animal personality, consistent behavioural variation between individuals, has rarely been investigated in the context of anthropogenic contaminants. Changes in personalities may affect the viability of populations, and even alter community dynamics. We investigated the effects of exposure to a sublethal dose of the commonly used pesticide esfenvalerate on two personality traits, activity and boldness, and compared these effects between rep…

NO Signalling in Plant Immunity

2016

The importance of nitric oxide (NO) in innate and adaptive immunity in mammals is well recognised. NO exerts antimicrobial properties against invaders but also displays immunoregulatory functions in which S-nitrosylation represents a signalling process of major importance. Over the last two decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that NO is also a major component of plant immunity. Our understanding of its role in plant defence has been enriched by the identification and functional analysis of S-nitrosylated proteins. The recent identification of new S-nitrosylated proteins including the chaperone-like enzyme cell division cycle 48 (CDC48), histone deacetylases (HDACs) and calmodulin (…

The effects of meta-Topolin and benzyladenine on in vitro organogenesis from epicotyl cuttings of Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis[L.] Osbeck ×Poncir…

2017

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), worldwide considered as one of the worst disease affecting Citrus plants, produced great changes in citriculture, mainly because it made mandatory the turnover of the sensitive sour orange rootstock with virus resistant ones. Among them, Troyer citrange has become one of the most employed rootstocks, due to its CTV tolerance and to the positive characteristics induced to the scion fruit production. Unfortunately, in Italy, there is a scarcity of seed mother plants. Micropropagation can be a solution for this problem. Among the in vitro techniques allowing the production of good quality true-to-type plants, the regeneration from seedling epicotyl cuttings general…

Occurrence of the T36 Genotype of Citrus tristeza virus in Citrus Orchards in Sicily, Italy

2016

Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that different lineages representing mild and virulent Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates have been present in Italy for a long time. The genetic structure of CTV population, based on p23 and p27 genes sequences, highlighted two main clusters referred to as T30 and VT-like, as confirmed by the full genomes sequences of two representative isolates SG29 (KC748392) and Bau282 (KC748391) (Licciardello et al. 2015). On the basis of risk analyses, regulatory measures have been outlined, including the recommendation to replace sour orange (C. aurantium) with tolerant rootstocks and to monitor the spread and the presence (if any) of different isolates not co…

Batesian Mimicry and Signal Accuracy

1997

RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225. RICE, W. R., AND E. E. HOSTERT. 1993. Laboratory experiments on speciation: what have we learned in 40 years? Evolution 47: 1637-1653. SAWADA, S. 1963. Studies on the local races of the Japanese newt, Triturus pyrrhogaster Boie. II. Sexual isolation mechanisms. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Ser. B 21:167-180. SPIETH, H. T, AND J. M. RINGO. 1983. Mating behavior and sexual isolation in Drosophila. Pp 223-284 in M. Ashburner, L. M. Carson, and J. N. Thompson Jr, eds. The genetics and biology of Drosophila. Academic Press, New York. TEMPLETON, A. R. 1996. Experimental evidence for the genetictransilience model of speciati…

2018

We present a taxonomic revision ofCremastosperma, a genus of Neotropical Annonaceae occurring in lowland to premontane wet forest, mostly in areas surrounding the Andean mountain chain. We recognise 34 species, describing five as new here: from east of the Andes,C.brachypodumPirie & Chatrou,sp. nov.andC.dolichopodumPirie & Maas,sp. nov., endemic to Peru;C.confusumPirie,sp. nov., from southern Peru and adjacent Bolivia and Brazil; andC.alticolaPirie & Chatrou,sp. nov., at higher elevations in northern Peru and Ecuador; and from west of the Andes,C.osicolaPirie & Chatrou,sp. nov.endemic to Costa Rica, the most northerly distributed species of the genus. We prov…

Different historical backgrounds determine contrasting phylogeographical patterns in two co-distributed Erica species (Ericaceae) across the Strait o…

2017

Erica australis and Erica arborea are morphologically and ecologically similar heather species. Erica australis is restricted to the western Mediterranean Basin where it overlaps with the westernmo ...