Search results for " Immunity"
showing 10 items of 618 documents
Cellular Immunity in Adolescents and Adults following Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Administration
2007
ABSTRACT Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to an acellular pertussis vaccine administered to 49 subjects, a subset of participants in the National Institutes of Health-funded adult acellular pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, were evaluated and compared with antibody responses to vaccine antigens. Levels of proliferation of and cytokine secretion from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, or pertactin were measured before vaccination and 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Statistically significant increases in lymphocyte stimulation indices and cytokine secretion were noted at both 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Brisk pertussis antig…
Cellular Immunity and Retrobulbar Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy
1994
In Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), retrobulbar connective tissue is infiltrated by T cells whose role in the pathogenesis of the disease was investigated in the present work. The aims included firstly to characterize subsets of blood lymphocytes and of sessile lymphocytes cloned from a retroorbital tissue specimen. Second, in counterstimulation assays, the ability of patients' T cells to influence cultivated retrobulbar fibroblasts and in turn the enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation by retrobulbar fibroblasts was investigated. Blood lymphocytes of 16 GO patients and 12 controls isolated by density gradient centrifugation and retrobulbar fibroblasts obtained from orbital decompression were …
Pharmacoeconomic assessment of implementing a universal PCV-13 vaccination programme in the Valencian public health system (Spain).
2011
Background: Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was licensed to provide immunity against pneumococcal disease caused by seven serotypes of S. pneumoniae. Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) includes 6 additional serotypes for preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the potential health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of vaccination with PCV-13 in the Community of Valencia and to generate valuable information for policy makers at regional and country levels. Methods: A decision tree was designed to determine the health and economic outcomes in hypothetical cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinate…
Rome consensus conference - statement; human papilloma virus diseases in males
2013
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very resistant, ubiquitous virus that can survive in the environment without a host. The decision to analyse HPV-related diseases in males was due to the broad dissemination of the virus, and, above all, by the need to stress the importance of primary and secondary prevention measures (currently available for women exclusively). The objective of the Consensus Conference was to make evidence-based recommendations that were designed to facilitate the adoption of a standard approach in clinical practice in Italy. Methods The Sponsoring Panel put a series of questions to the members of the Scientific Committee who prepared a summary of the currently av…
Circadian variations in antigen-specific proliferation of human T lymphocytes and correlation to cortisol production.
1995
Cortisol is a well-known immunosuppressant when used therapeutically. The present investigation was set out to study if diurnal variations in endogenous cortisol production are reflected by changes in proliferative responses of human lymphocytes to either a mitogen (phytohemagglutinin-A, PHA) or an antigen (tetanus toxoid, TT) stimulus. The study included eight healthy volunteers. Blood was withdrawn at 0200, 0600, 1000, and 1800h for preparation of lymphocytes and determination of cortisol in plasma. Isolated cells were incubated without (baseline activity) or with inclusion of either 1 micrograms PHA or 10 micrograms TT. Proliferation was measured by labelling with 3H-thymidine for 16 h o…
Retrobulbar adipocytes and humoral immunity in Graves' ophthalmopathy
1993
As CT and MR-imaging revealed an enlargement of retrobulbar fat tissue in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, the role of the retrobulbar adipocytes in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be elucidated. To evaluate the in vitro influence of humoral immunity on retrobulbar adipose tissue, the effects of IgG and sera from 56 euthyroid ophthalmopathy patients and 53 controls on both porcine and human (patients' and controls') retrobulbar adipocytes were measured by means of several assays: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to reveal specific binding of antibodies to the adipocytes. Metabolic activity was determined by means of a colorimetric dimethyl thiazolium-diphe…
TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-22 production in the rectal mucosa of nonceliac wheat sensitivity patients: role of adaptive immunity.
2020
In recent years, a new gluten- or wheat-related disease has emerged, a condition labeled "nonceliac gluten sensitivity" (NCGS) or "nonceliac wheat sensitivity" (NCWS). NCWS pathogenesis is still uncertain and attributed to very different mechanisms. We aimed to study the different T-lymphocyte subsets in the rectal mucosa of NCWS patients to demonstrate the possible contribution of adaptative immune response. Twelve patients (11 women, 1 man, age range 23-61 yr, median 32 yr) with a definitive diagnosis of NCWS were recruited at random for the present study. They underwent rectal endoscopy with multiple mucosal biopsies at the end of a double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) wheat challenge …
In Vitro Cytokine Production by HLA-B8, DR3 Positive Subjects
1994
It is well known that healthy subjects carrying the HLA-B8,DR3 haplotype may show an impairment of immune system, the T cells being the most affected. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of the impairment displayed by these subjects, efforts have been centered on the study of in vitro cytokine production because of the pivotal role played by these mediators in the activation and control of several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2 and the soluble form of its receptor (sIL-2R) is impaired in HLA-B8,DR3 positive healthy subjects. To better charac…
Humoral immune response to rotavirus NSP4 enterotoxin in Spanish children.
2005
The rotavirus non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has been shown to play a crucial role in rotavirus-induced diarrhea, acting as a viral enterotoxin. It has also been demonstrated that antibody to NSP4 can reduce the severity of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in newborn mice. Two recombinant baculoviruses, expressing the NSP4 protein from the SA11 and Wa rotavirus strains, genotypes A and B, respectively, were used to produce and purify these glycoproteins, which were applied as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test the specific antibody response to NSP4 in human sera. Serum samples from 30 children convalescing from a rotavirus infection, from 54 healthy children under 5-…
Experts’ Opinion for Improving Pertussis Vaccination Rates in Adolescents and Adults: A Call to Action
2022
This article highlights the importance of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (with reduced antigen content, dTap) vaccination in preventing pertussis, a respiratory infection that is still widespread and easily transmitted. In particular, it highlights the need to receive a booster vaccination throughout life to maintain high antibody levels, which decrease through time. This document collects the opinions that emerged from the comparison between major Italian experts in the field of vaccination. This working group was created to promote a “call to action”, aimed at raising awareness among all institutions, public health authorities, and health workers involved in the vaccination proces…