Search results for " Metabolic diseases"
showing 10 items of 699 documents
Beyond cholesterol reduction, the pleiotropic effects of statins: is their use in cancer prevention hype or hope?
2013
ISSN 1758-4299 10.2217/CLP.13.29 © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd Clin. Lipidol. (2013) 8(3), 273–277 Pleiotropic effects of statins Millions of patients worldwide are currently tak ing prescribed statins. Clinical trials have dem onstrated that statins reduce the risk of cardio vascular disease [1]. Statins are well known to reduce cholesterol levels through the inhibition of 3hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase [2]. However, great interest has recently been paid to the mechanisms beyond cholesterol reduc tion (pleiotropic effects) by which statins exert their action. Indeed, statins are associated with plaque stabilization and improvement of endo thelial function, as well as antiinflamm…
SGLT2 Inhibitors as the Most Promising Influencers on the Outcome of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2022
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most frequent liver disease in the Western world, is a common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A specific cure has not yet been identified, and its treatment is currently based on risk factor therapy. Given that the initial accumulation of triglycerides in the liver parenchyma, in the presence of inflammatory processes, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and oxidative stress, can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The main goal is to identify the factors contributing to this evolution because, once established, untreated NASH can progress through fibrosis to cirrhosis and, ultimately, be co…
Impact of high-fat diet on antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function in adult female LDLR<sup>–/–</sup> mice
2012
International audience; Background: Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We thus investigated in female mice the influence of this diet on plasma antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function. Methods and Results: Adult female C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and LDLR–/– mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. HFD induced an increase in plasma lipids and vitamin C (Vit C) levels in both groups but at a much higher level in LDLR–/– and a decrease in plasma ascorbyl free radical levels to Vit C ratio (an endogenous oxidative stress index) in LDLR–/–. We only found a slight decr…
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cardiovascular Risk, and Carotid Inflammation.
2015
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive triglycerides (TGs) accumulation in the liver (>5% of hepatocytes histologically) in the absence of alcohol excess. The NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are now the number one cause of liver disease in Western countries. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing but is underreported, and the epidemiology and demographic characteristics vary worldwide. The prevalence is increasing because of the rising occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM); in fact, NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nonalcoho…
Gluten Free Diet for the Management of Non Celiac Diseases: The Two Sides of the Coin
2020
A lifelong adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is currently the only treatment for Celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder that arises after gluten ingestion in individuals who are genetically predisposed. The gluten intake exerts toxic effects through several pathways involving gut barrier integrity, intestinal microbiota composition and immune system stimulation. However, despite the great benefit of GF diet for CD patients, its use has been debated. Indeed, individuals who adopt this diet regime may be at risk of nutrient deficiencies. Emerging evidence supports a beneficial effect of a GF diet also for other pathological conditions, including gluten-related disorders (GRD) often as…
Heterodimer formation of wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causing mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase induces toxicity independent of protei…
2008
Recent studies provide evidence that wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1(hWT)) might be an important factor in mutant SOD1-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In order to investigate its functional role in the pathogenesis of ALS, we designed fusion proteins of two SOD1 monomers linked by a polypeptide. We demonstrated that wild-type-like mutants, but not SOD1(G85R) homodimers, as well as mutant heterodimers including SOD1(G85R)-SOD1(hWT) display dismutase activity. Mutant homodimers showed an increased aggregation compared with the corresponding heterodimers in cell cultures and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, although SOD1(G85R) heterodimers are more toxic in functiona…
Hypothalamic S-Nitrosylation Contributes to the Counter-Regulatory Response Impairment following Recurrent Hypoglycemia
2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894333; International audience; AIMS: Hypoglycemia is a severe side effect of intensive insulin therapy. Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) impairs the counter-regulatory response (CRR) which restores euglycemia. During hypoglycemia, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) production of nitric oxide (NO) and activation of its receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) are critical for the CRR. Hypoglycemia also increases brain reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NO production in the presence of ROS causes protein S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation of sGC impairs its function and induces desensitization to NO. We hypothesized that during hypoglycemia, the interaction b…
Disease-linked TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation suppresses TDP-43 condensation and aggregation
2021
AbstractPost-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key modulators of protein phase separation and have been linked to protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. The major aggregating protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the RNA-binding protein TDP-43, is hyperphosphorylated in disease on several C-terminal serine residues, which is generally believed to promote TDP-43 aggregation. Here, we show that hyperphosphorylation by Casein kinase 1δ or C-terminal phosphomimetic mutations surprisingly reduce TDP-43 phase separation and aggregation and render TDP-43 condensates more liquid-like and dynamic. Multi-scale simulations revea…
Comparative Analyses for Gluten-Free Biscuits from Mixture Oat and Corn
2018
Abstract Gluten-free products are necessary for the people suffering from celiac disease or having a sensibility for products containing gluten. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate gluten free biscuits made from a mixture of flours (50% corn flour and 50% oat flour) with various fats (palm fat, coconut oil) and sweeteners (sugar, stevioside with erythritol). Sample biscuits were made and then analyzed to find out the moisture, water activity, braking point, specific volume and sensory evaluation. All samples had the moisture close to 5-6%. Water activity ranged from 0.49 to 0.71. The breaking point was higher for sample prepared with palm fat and sugar (0.43). This sample was …
Gliadin, zonulin and gut permeabilità: effects on celiac and non-celiac intestinal mucosa and intestinal cell lines.
2006
Objective. Little is known about the interaction of gliadin with intestinal epithelial cells and the mechanism(s) through which gliadin crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier. We investigated whether gliadin has any immediate effect on zonulin release and signaling. Material and methods. Both ex vivo human small intestines and intestinal cell monolayers were exposed to gliadin, and zonulin release and changes in paracellular permeability were monitored in the presence and absence of zonulin antagonism. Zonulin binding, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) redistribution were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Tight junction occludin and ZO-1 gene expression …