Search results for " NUTRITION"
showing 10 items of 4546 documents
T@sty(TM) : test d'évaluation de la sensibilité aux saveurs. Dispositif breveté pour l'évaluation de la sensibilité de sujets pour les 5 saveurs
2019
T@sty est un dispositif permettant d'évaluer la sensibilité de sujets humains pour les cinq saveurs (sucrée, salée, amère, acide et savoureux). Cette évaluation peut-être réalisée à domicile (tests envoyés par la poste, questionnaire de réponse en ligne). Pour chaque saveur, un kit d'évaluation est constitué de 3 feuilles-tests entièrement comestibles. Chaque feuille-test comporte 6 séries de 3 disques détachables. Pour chacune des séries, les participants doivent goûter les trois disques par simple contact avec la langue, puis identifier le disque qui porte une saveur (les deux autres sont neutres). L'intensité de la saveur est croissante (série 1 à 6). Avantages Aucune préparation pour l’…
Could pupil dilation measurements be of any help to sensory analysis?
2011
Could pupil dilation measurements be of any help to sensory analysis?. 29. Pupil colloquium
Deux approches sensorielles autour du concept gras/volume dans les vins blancs et les vins rouges
2013
Introduction. Les descripteurs gras et volume sont des mots très présents dans le discours spécialisé des professionnels du vin mais il ne va pas de soi, a priori, que les différents locuteurs se comprennent quand ils utilisent l’un et l’autre de ces deux termes. Le processus cognitif de détermination sensorielle de ces deux descripteurs apparaît complexe car à la fois multimodal et multiparamétrique. La viscosité, la texture ou le caractère tapissant sont, parmi bien d’autres, autant de dimensions potentiellement sous-jacentes à ces deux termes (Folkenberg et al., 1999 ; Szczesniak, 2002). De plus, et comme le soulignaient déjà Guinard et Mazzucchelli en 1996, le processus de détermination…
Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives
2020
The modulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is now widely described that cancer cells are able to evade the immune response and thus establish immune tolerance. The exploration of the mechanisms underlying this ability of cancer cells has always attracted the scientific community and is the basis for the development of new promising cancer therapies. Recent evidence has highlighted how extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a mechanism by which cancer cells promote immune escape by inducing phenotypic changes on different immune cell populations. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) in re…
Molecular mechanisms of primary and secondary mucosal immunity using avian infectious bronchitis virus as a model system
2007
Although mucosal immune responses are critical for protection of hosts from clinical illness and even mortality caused by mucosal pathogens, the molecular mechanism of mucosal immunity, which is independent of systemic immunity, remains elusive. To explore the mechanistic basis of mucosal protective immunity, gene transcriptional profiling in mucosal tissues was evaluated after the primary and secondary immunization of animals with an attenuated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a prototype of Coronavirus and a well-characterized mucosal pathogen. Results showed that a number of innate immune factors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic-acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), type I…
Immune cell score, PD-L1 expression and prognosis in esophageal cancer
2021
Immune cell score, PD-L1 expression and prognosis in esophageal cancer
Photodegradation of lincomycin in aqueous solution
2006
Aqueous solutions of lincomycin were irradiated with UV light in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Lincomycin disappeared in both systems but the presence ofTiO2noticeably accelerated the degradation of the antibiotic in comparison with direct photolysis. The rate of decomposition was dependent on the concentration of lincomycin and followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Photolysis involved only the oxidation of lincomycin without mineralization. Differently, the treatment withTiO2and UV light resulted in a complete mineralization of the antibiotic. The degradation pathways involved S- and N-demethylation and propyldealkylation. The mineralization of the molecule led to the formation …
Increase in midgut microbiota load induces an apparent immune priming and increases tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis
2010
Summary The insect immune system is comprised of both humoral and cellular components that are mobilized in response to parasitic or pathogenic infections. Activation of the immune response implies a consid- erable expenditure of energy and that is why insects rely on inducible pathways that are activated after coming into contact with the pathogenic agent. Known as immune priming, insects can prolong the activation of the immune response and transmit their immune status to the next generation. Starting from a laboratory colony of the lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua and using the lytic zone assay as a measure of the immune status, we selected for a sub-colony with high levels of immune activ…
Differential memory persistence of odor mixture and components in newborn rabbits: competition between the whole and its parts
2014
Interacting with the mother during the daily nursing, newborn rabbits experience her body odour cues. In particular, the mammary pheromone (MP) contained in rabbit milk triggers the typical behaviour which helps to localize and seize the nipples. It also promotes the very rapid appetitive learning of simple or complex stimuli (odorants or mixtures) through associative conditioning. We previously showed that 24h after MP-induced conditioning to odorants A (ethyl isobutyrate) or B (ethyl maltol), newborn rabbits perceive the AB mixture in a weak configural way, i.e. they perceive the odour of the AB configuration in addition to the odours of the elements. Moreover, after conditioning to the m…
Drosophila adult and larval pheromones modulate larval food choice
2014
Insects use chemosensory cues to feed and mate. In Drosophila , the effect of pheromones has been extensively investigated in adults, but rarely in larvae. The colonization of natural food sources by Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila simulans species may depend on species-specific chemical cues left in the food by larvae and adults. We identified such chemicals in both species and measured their influence on larval food preference and puparation behaviour. We also tested compounds that varied between these species: (i) two larval volatile compounds: hydroxy-3-butanone-2 and phenol (predominant in D. simulans and D. buzzatii , respectively), and (ii) adult cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs). Dro…