Search results for " cytokine"
showing 10 items of 602 documents
Response to 'TH1 and TH2 cytokine control of thyrocyte survival in thyroid autoimmunity'
2001
Mirakian et al. question our recent results, which suggest that thyrocyte survival during thyroid autoimmunity depends on differential effects of TH1 and TH2 cytokines1. Thyrocyte destruction in autoimmune thyroiditis is a slow process that lasts several years. We hypothesized that in thyroid autoimmunity the balance between life and death in thyrocytes depends on the predominance over the time of TH2 and TH1 cytokines, whose action is not restricted to immune cells but involves direct modulation of key molecules responsible for survival or death of target cells1.
Importance of HLA-DR+ and CD1a+ Epidermal Cells for Cytokine Production in Psoriasis
1995
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterised by marked hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in association with vascular expansion, leukocyte infiltration and lymphocyte activation1. Cytokines are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. It is speculated that a dysregulation of the cytokine network involving tumor-necrosis-factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) might be the basic mechanism of the psoriatic inflammatory response2. TNF-α is the prototype of a proinflammatory peptide exerting immunomodulatory effects. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with a broad range of biological functions in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. IL-8…
B cells assume the command
2015
A proinflammatory B cell cytokine activates autoimmunity, and B cell depletion treats multiple sclerosis (Li et al., this issue).
Cannabis Influences the Putative Cytokines-Related Pathway of Epilepsy among Egyptian Epileptic Patients
2019
The study aims to investigate: (1) the prevalence of cannabis among epileptic patients seen at Mansoura University Hospital, (2) serum levels and gene expression of cytokines in epilepsy patients and the controls. and (3) the possibility that cannabis use affects the cytokine levels in epilepsy patients, triggering its future use in treatment. We recruited 440 epilepsy patients and 200 controls matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Of the epileptic patients, 37.5% demonstrated lifetime cannabis use with a mean duration of 15 ±
Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3) Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors with a Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet
2015
Background: the ketogenic diet (KD) has become a widely used nutritional approach for weight loss. Some of the KD’s positive effects on metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors are similar to those seen after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts combined with ω-3 supplementation may have increased positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. Methods: We analyzed 34 male overweight subjects
Absorption of kininogen from human plasma by Streptococcus pyogenes is followed by the release of bradykinin.
1997
H-kininogen (high-molecular-mass kininogen, HK) is the precursor of the vasoactive peptide hormone bradykinin (BK). Previous work has demonstrated that HK binds to Streptococcus pyogenesthrough M-proteins, fibrous surface proteins and important virulence factors of these bacteria. Here we find that M-protein-expressing bacteria absorb HK from human plasma. The HK bound to the bacteria was found to be cleaved, and analysis of the degradation pattern suggested that the cleavage of HK at the bacterial surface is associated with the release of BK. Moreover, addition of activated plasma prekallikrein to bacteria preincubated with human plasma, resulted in BK release. This mechanism, by which a p…
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Properties of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Osteoarthritic Articular Cells
2012
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced in cells by various stimuli as a defense system against oxidative stress. It is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and several antioxidant systems may protect cartilage components. HO-1 induction or CO release from CORM-2 counteracts oxidative stress and protects against proinflammatory and catabolic effects of interleukin-1β in OA chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and synoviocytes as well as in OA osteochondral explants. Both approaches have been able to downregulate the production of mediators such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinases, prostaglandin E2, cy…
Oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy
2020
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of acquired blindness in working adults worldwide. Biochemical changes in DR contribute to both the microscopic structural and functional changes in the retina. All these alterations result in retinal damage that can be assessed by funduscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and angioOCT. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in the mitochondria is considered a causal link between elevated glucose and biochemical abnormalities in the pathophysiology of DR. Moreover, oxidative-induced pathways also seem to provide positive feedback to ROS production, resulting in a vicious cycle. ROS can directly damage lipids, proteins, and DNA, lead…
Diabetic Retinopathy and Oxidative Stress
2014
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of acquired blindness in working age adults worldwide. Biochemical changes in DR contribute to both the microscopic structural and functional changes in the retina. All these alterations result in macroscopic retinal damage that can be assessed by funduscopy. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria is considered a causal link between elevated glucose and biochemical abnormalities in the pathophysiology of DR. Moreover, oxidatively induced pathways also seem to provide positive feedback to ROS production, resulting in a vicious cycle. ROS can directly damage lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell death…
Taurine and the Lung
2003
Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in many tissues and in particular in proinflammatory cells like polymorphonuclear leukocytes and tissues exposed to elevated levels of oxidants1. Furthermore, orally administered TAU has been reported to reduce lung oxidant damage from exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, paraquat, amiodarone and bleomycin in animal models2–5.