Search results for " diseases"

Shoulder ultrasound: current concepts and future perspectives

2021

Ultrasonography is an established and effective imaging technique that can be used to evaluate articular and periarticular structures around the shoulder. It has been shown to be useful in a wide range of rotator cuff diseases (e.g. tendon tears, rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and bursitis) as well as non-rotator cuff abnormalities (instability, synovial joint diseases and nerve entrapment syndrome). A scanning protocol is highly recommended to reduce the rate of operators’ errors by following a standardized scheme including a list of main structures. Shoulder ultrasound has several advantages: it is a relatively cheap and widely available technique, free from ionizing radiation, that c…

Prevalence of aphthous stomatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after the treatment with monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review and…

2022

Currently, the most frequently employed therapies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), i.e., Crohn's Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or unclassified IBD (IBD-U) are monoclonal anti-TNFs and anti-integrin therapies, such as vedolizumab (VDZ). Forty-seven per cent of these patients present extra-intestinal manifestations, the second most prevalent being aphthous stomatitis (AS). The present study aims to investigate which of the two therapies is associated with a lower prevalence of AS after treatment. An electronic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS and OpenGrey databases was carried out. The criteria used were those described by the PR…

The effect of blue-light-blocking lenses on retinal straylight

2021

Sometimes yellow-tinted lenses are recommended to help improve visual quality. As yellow lenses filter blue light, it is believed that their use could decrease the intensity of scattered light in the eye (retinal straylight). However, the results of some studies have contradicted this assumption (Van Os et al. 2017). Currently various nontinted blue-light-blocking lenses are used to protect the eyes from short-wavelength light. The objective of this study was to determine whether blue-light-blocking lenses affect the levels of retinal straylight in the eye. A straylight meter (C-Quant, Oculus) was used for retinal straylight measurements. The measurements were performed under four different…

Update on standardization and interpretation of lung function test in adult and pediatric patients

2010

Qualitative mucin disorders in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome:a literature review

2020

Background It is a common opinion that Primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) damages the exocrine glands and determines the reduction of secreted saliva, some studies show that there are qualitative anomalies of the mucins produced in saliva, including MUC7, MUC5B, MUC1. The purpose of this study is to trace all the information useful to establish whether there is a qualitative or quantitative defect of the mucins in the pSS. Material and Methods We reviewed the literature by looking for publications relevant to the topic in electronic databases. Sixteen articles met the search criteria. The studies were divided into two categories, those that studied the rheological characteristics of the saliva …

Commonalities between ENT Specialists and Oral Medicine Experts: Old HPV Diseases and New Oral HPV-Cancer along the Borders

2021

A human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is globally one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted infections of the mucous membranes (genital, anal and oral). Over the last decade, an increasing number of young patients have been infected due to the changes in sexual habits in the general population. The majority of the lesions are benign; however, substantial scientific evidence has suggested a role for the HPV family in the carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is proposed that dentists, in addition to ENT specialists, should apply standardized management protocols in order to construct a well-defined pathway in terms of diagnosis, which is based on a PCR diagnostic t…

DNA integrity in diagnosis of premalignant lesions

2020

Background Carcinogenesis is a dynamic process which traditional biopsying can not keep up with. Saliva as fluid in the vicinity of the tumor can offer better insights to this process. This study aimed to identify the accuracy of salivary DNA integrity index in differentiating between oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer. Material and Methods This phase II diagnostic test accuracy study included 93 patients divided into three groups: 30 oral cancer patients, 33 patients with oral premalignant lesions divided into 21 oral lichen planus patients and 12 patients with leukoplakia and 30 normal individuals who acted as controls. Oral rinse was collected from all participants and they all un…

Oral pigmented lesions:a retrospective analysis from Brazil

2020

Background Pigmented lesions are uncommon in the oral mucosa, and studies investigating the incidence and types of these lesions are desired to improve the diagnostic knowledge of clinicians. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral pigmented lesions in a Brazilian population. Material and Methods A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Oral pigmented lesions were retrieved from the files of two oral and maxillofacial pathology services from Brazil over a 45-year period (1974-2019). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were retrieved and included in a Microsoft Excel® database. Results From 77.074 lesions diagnosed in this period, 76…

Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

2022

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone regulating calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, immune response and brain function. In the past thirty years, an increasing number of cohort studies, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RTCs) evaluated the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is considered the Vitamin D status biomarker, in patients affected by neurological, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases. Although an association between low 25(OH)D serum levels and the prevalence of these diseases has been found, it is still unclear whether the serum 25(OH)D measurement can be clinically useful as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and predicting treatment response in neurodegene…

Optical quality of hyperopic and myopic phakic intraocular lenses

2013

Aims: To assess and compare the optical quality of the myopic and hyperopic implantable collamer lens (ICL) from its wavefront aberrations for different powers and pupil diameters. Settings and Design: Prospective study. Material and Methods: The wavefront aberrations of two myopic (−3 and −6 diopters (D)) and two hyperopic V4b ICLs (+3 and +6D) were measured in vitro . To assess and compare the optical quality of different powers of ICLs, we analyzed the root mean square (RMS) of total higher order aberrations (HOAs), trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, secondary astigmatism, and spherical aberration at 3- and 4.5-mm pupil. In addition, the point spread functions (PSFs) of each ICL evaluated were ca…