Search results for " economy."
showing 10 items of 1490 documents
Money in the "Body Politick" : The Analysis of Trade and Circulation in the Writings of Seventeenth-Century Political Arithmeticians.
2005
International audience; This article discusses the analysis of trade and circulation in the writings of seventeenth-century political arithmeticians. Political arithmetic was in its way an anatomy of the social body. William Petty titled his 1672 book The Political Anatomy of Ireland. In his preface he explicitly claimed to be following Francis Bacon, highlighting the experimental method and the idea that analytical methods can be transposed from one discipline to another. He thus drew a parallel between the natural body and the body politic. It was a widely held idea that money guaranteed the nation's health; conversely its poor state of health could lead to the wasting away of the body po…
Typologie des cooperatives de credit espagnoles par la methode des groupes strategiques. Une etude empirique
1997
The objective is to apply the Strategic Groups approach to the sub-sector of credit cooperatives, organizations on which Strategic Groups analysis has not been applied yet although they are part of the banking sector. Therefore taking into account the theoretical arguments presented on SG, the authors apply them according to the following stages: identification of the group of banking organizations composing the object of the study (in this case, credit cooperatives) while analysing their main characteristics; choice of the subset of banking organizations forming the analysed sample; determination of key strategic variables to define credit cooperatives’ strategies; and application of the r…
Industrial productivity and convergence in Chinese regions: The effects of entering the world trade organisation
2011
Abstract Chinese economic growth is tremendously important, both due to how fast it is occurring and also its effect on the world economy as a whole. The size of the economy and the rate at which it is growing has opened up significant internal regional differences that are visible in the trends displayed by industry as the main exponent of this growth. This article analyses regional differences in industrial productivity using a dynamic approach (Malmquist index), that is, by determining regional productivity growth as well as the change in value added inequality from one region to another (sigma and beta convergence). Both approaches distinguish between the periods dating from 1995 to 200…
More firms, more competition? The case of the fourth operator in France's mobile phone market
2010
Accepted, Forthcoming; International audience; To foster competition the French government authorized a fourth operator, ‘Free', to enter the country's mobile phone market at the end of 2009 alongside Orange, SFR and Bouygues Telecom (BT), who held respectively one-half, one-third and one-sixth of the market. By using a stylized model of France's phone market, we have examined what we call the regulator's nightmares and dreams. If Cournot competition is in place before Free's entry, minimizing the total profit fails to maximize the consumer surplus and the total surplus; the maximum most realistic price fall is 6.7% compared to three-way competition and could be 1.7% only; if Orange, SFR an…
RENT CREATION AND RENT SHARING: NEW MEASURES AND IMPACTS ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
2019
International audience; This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation and rent sharing and assesses their impact on productivity on cross-country-industry panel data. We find first that: (1) anticompetitive product market regulations positively affect rent creation and (2) employment protection legislation boosts hourly wages, particularly for low-skill workers. However, we find no significant impact of this employment legislation on rent sharing, as the hourly wage increases are offset by a negative impact on hours worked. Second, using regulation indicators as instruments, we find that rent creation and rent sharing both have a substantial negative impact on total factor productivi…
Contributions of the social economy to the general interest
1997
Why Do People Dislike Low-Wage Trade Competition with Posted Workers in the Service Sector?
2013
AbstractThe issue of low-wage competition in services trade involving posted workers is controversial in the EU. Using Swedish survey data, people's attitudes are found to be more negative to such trade than to goods trade. The differences depend on both a preference for favouring social groups to which individuals belong (the domestic population) and altruistic justice concerns for foreign workers. In small-group experiments, we find a tendency for people to adjust their evaluations of various aspects of trade to their general attitude. This tendency is stronger for those opposed to than those in favour of low-wage trade competition. This may indicate that the former group forms its attitu…
Post-Soviet studies and the transition: the case of the Russian economy
2008
The disintegration of the Soviet Union meant that an essential object of study for research analysing centralised planning disappeared and the reference point for a lot of work dealing with the comparison of economic systems was lost. It could be assumed that such a structural alteration might lead to reduced interest in Russian studies and a crisis for the scientific community involved. The purpose of this study is to test this idea and to show how the scientific community interested in post-Soviet studies has changed during the transition period.
Renewable electricity producing technologies and metal depletion: A sensitivity analysis using the EROI
2015
International audience; More and more attention is being paid to renewable technologies because they are seen as a great opportunity to disengage our society from its dependence on fossil fuels. Such flow-based energy resources that rely on solarenergy are supposed to lead us toward a sustainable energy future. However, because of their high capitalintensity, renewable technologies require large amounts of matter, including both common and rare metals.These metals require energy for their production, and more specifically for their extraction. The energy costassociated with metal extraction is linked to mineral ore grade, meaning that as depletion progresses, energycost increases. In additi…
La economía social y solidaria en Grecia
2017
El 31 de octubre de 2016 el Parlamento griego aprobó la Ley 4430/2016 de Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) con el propósito de difundir esta forma alternativa de organización de la actividad económica; apoyar y fortalecer proyectos productivos autogestionarios y de emprendimiento social colectivo, y regular las Empresas Sociales Cooperativas y las Cooperativas de Trabajadores. En este trabajo hemos analizado las principales características de la ESS griega, principalmente en relación con otros modelos europeos; y los distintos tipos de empresas que integra, subrayando las diferencias entre ellas y sus principales características frente a otras instituciones próximas como las cooperativas so…