Search results for " mellitus"

Family history of type 2 diabetes and altered maximal aerobic capacity in elite young athletes: a cross-sectional study.

2008

Aim. Family history of type 2 diabetes is a predictive risk factor of illness in sedentary subjects and induces early phenotypic and metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to determine whether a family history of diabetes in young male athletes had an effect on metabolic functional parameters. Methods. The study population was 42 young male athletes with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, and maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) were assessed. Results. V̇O2max was lower in the 13 athletes with a family history of diabetes (FH+) than in the 29 athletes without a family history of the disorder (FH-) matched for kilogram of body…

Sviluppo di un sistema di supporto decisionale tipo Fuzzy per il controllo della glicemia post-prandiale nel diabete mellito tipo 1

2010

Encapsulation of Langerhans' islets: Microtechnological developments for transplantation

2011

There is an increasing trend to apply microsystems and microfluidics to solve medical and biomedical tasks. Microfluidic modules are used to modify and manipulate cells and cell clusters for therapeutic applications. Specifically, a method and technical system for encapsulation of Langerhans' islets as an option for the future treatment of diabetes mellitus is described. Type-1 diabetes patients suffer from an absolute lack of the hormone insulin caused by an autoimmune process destroying the Langerhans' islets. One way to restore glucose-dependent insulin secretion is the transplantation of human pancreatic islet cells (85% beta cells) from cadaveric donors. However, to prevent the rejecti…

Cell Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes

2011

The incidence of diabetes mellitus has grown exponentially in the last few years. Etiopathogenesis of diabetes implies a ?-cells damage in the islet of Langerhans, either through an autoimmune reaction present in type 1 diabetic patients or through altered function within these cells that affect their ability to secrete a properly functioning insulin hormone, in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Exogenous insulin supply is, at the moment, the therapy of choice of the disease but it does not allow tight control of glucose regulation, leading to long-term complications. Over the past few decades, pancreas or pancreas-kidney organ transplantation has been the most effective treatment fo…

Asociación de genes de la cadena mitocondrial respiratoria en el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y parámetros relacionados

2017

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es una enfermedad compleja, resultado de la combinación de factores ambientales, genéticos y adquiridos. Se ha convertido en una epidemia global que contribuye significativamente a la morbi-mortalidad prematura. Su heredabilidad es de un 70%; no obstante, los estudios realizados sólo han podido identificar una pequeña proporción de este componente genético. La cadena mitocondrial respiratoria (CMR) es esencial en el metabolismo energético y en la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno (ROS). Un mal funcionamiento de este sistema biológico parece estar implicado en la DMT2 y otras alteraciones relacionadas (obesidad, hipertensión). Sin e…

Effects of diabetes on the osseointegration of dental implants

2007

The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has become a public health problem. Hyperglycaemia entails a rise in the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Although a direct relationship with periodontal disease has already been shown, little is known about the results of dental implants in diabetics. The present paper reviews the bibliography linking the effect of diabetes on the osseointegration of implants and the healing of soft tissue. In experimental models of diabetes, a reduced level of bone-implant contact has been shown, and this can be reversed by means of treatment with insulin. Compared with the general population, a higher failure rate is seen in diabetic patients. Most …

The role of lactate besides the lactic acidosis

2013

Lactic acidosis (LA) is the most common form of metabolic acidosis defined by values of lactate greater than 5 mmol / l and by a pH <7.34. The pathogenesis of LA involves hypoxic (type A) and non hypoxic (type B) causes which are often coexisting. Lactic acidosis is usual in hospitalized population especially in subjects in intensive care units, in which lactate levels on admission could be predictors of mortality even in the absence of organ dysfunction or shock. The outcome is mainly dependent on the cardiovascular effects of acidosis. In subjects with cardiogenic shock, the increased lactate/pyruvate ratio, detectable at onset, is correladed with mortality. An early assessment of blood a…

Estudio farmacológico de los IPDE5 e IPDE5/NO en modelos in vitro de disfunción endotelial

2020

La morbilidad cardiovascular es la principal causa de muerte en pacientes diabéticos. La fisiopatología de estas alteraciones vasculares aun no está del todo dilucidada. La hiperglucemia, característica principal de la diabetes, exacerba las complicaciones macrovasculares y las complicaciones microvasculares como la retinopatía, la nefropatía o el pie diabético. La elevación de la glucosa en sangre conduce a una alteración de la función del endotelio, modificando algunas de sus funciones básicas como la regulación del tono y crecimiento vascular o la coagulación sanguínea. La disfunción endotelial se produce en gran medida por el estrés oxidativo y la formación de radicales libres de oxigen…

Nitric oxide metabolism is impaired by type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

2020

Diabetes leads to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. However, overproduction of nitric oxide due to hyperglycaemia is associated with oxidative stress and tissue damage. The objective of this study was to characterise nitric oxide production (NO) and added nitrite and nitrate (NO(2)(-)+NO(3)(-)) concentration in the blood and urine of patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. A total of 268 patients with type 1 diabetes and 69 healthy subjects were included. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as macroalbuminuria and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 cm(2). NO(2)(-)+NO(3)(-) concentration was measured by Griess reaction.…

Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite and nitrate) in several clinical condition.

2013

We determined the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NO2-+NO3-), expressed as NOx, in several clinical conditions. Regarding this, we have examined 25 subjects with arterial hypertension, 41 subjects with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment, 106 subjects with metabolic syndrome subdivided according to the presence (n = 43) or not (n = 63) of diabetes mellitus, 48 subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), 14 women with systemic sclerosis complicated with Raynaud's phenomenon, 42 dialyzed subjects and 105 young subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In subjects with arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, systemic sclerosi…