Search results for " mellitus"

Retinal Microcirculation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With and Without Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy

2014

In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), early retinal microvascular alterations can be observed even before the clinical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to investigate morphological and functional changes in retinal microvascular blood flow in type 1 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy (PNP) as compared to nondiabetic controls. Retinal microvascular blood flow (RBF) was assessed using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) before and after stimulation with flicker light. PNP was assessed using the neuropathy disability score (NDS) and by the evaluation of the vibration perception threshold (V…

Role of ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Part II. Leptin

2012

Leptyna jest wytwarzana przez dojrzałe adipocyty. Jej ilość dodatnio koreluje z ilością tkanki tłuszczowej. Leptyna odgrywa główną rolę w utrzymywaniu masy ciała oraz homeostazy glukozy. Jest transportowana poprzez barierę krew-mózg do ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, gdzie aktywuje autonomiczny układ nerwowy wywołując uczucie sytość a hamując apetyt. Ponadto leptyna działa poprzez szlaki ośrodkowe i obwodowe, regulując m.in. syntezę insuliny przez trzustkowe komórki b. Leptyna może także bezpośrednio wpływać na metabolizm i funkcję komórek obwodowych. Stwierdzono, że może zmieniać obwodową insulino oporność, a także szlak sygnałów insuliny w różnych rodzajach komórek wrażliwych na ten hormon.…

Differences and Similarities in Neuropathy in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

2021

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is defined as the dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system in diabetic patients. It is considered a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Its presence is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although several studies have found alterations at somatic motor, sensory levels and at the level of autonomic nervous system in diabetic patients, there is not a systematic approach regarding the differences in neuropathy between the major variants of diabetes, e.g., type 1 and 2 diabetes at both neurological and molecular level. Data sources: we systematically (Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases) evaluated the literature related to the …

Effects of 5-Azacitidine on Dnmt2/Trdmt1 expression levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cellular models of insulinoma

2021

Diabetes mellitus affects people all over the world of all ages or social groups making it a worldwide healthcare challenge. Moreover, untreated or badly treated diabetes carries a risk of serious complications including premature death (IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition, 2019). The main symptom of diabetes is insulin secretion and/or action disorder leading to hyperglycemia what results in impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism (“Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,” 2013). Dnmt2/ Trdmt1 in its structure and sequence is similar to DNA methyltransferases, however, it has been shown that mainly methylates aspartic acid transfer RNA, specifically at the cytosine-38 resi…

Intranasal Insulin Administration to Prevent Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery and Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder: A Narrative Review

2021

Delayed neurocognitive recovery and postoperative neurocognitive disorders are major complications of surgery, hospitalization, and anesthesia that are receiving increasing attention. Their incidence is reported to be 10–80% after cardiac surgery and 10–26% after non-cardiac surgery. Some of the risk factors include advanced age, level of education, history of diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, perioperative hyperglycemia, depth of anesthesia, blood pressure fluctuation during surgery, chronic respiratory diseases, etc. Scientific evidence suggests a causal association between anesthesia and delayed neurocognitive recovery or postoperative neurocognitive disorders, and various pathophysiologi…

Aberrant brain functional networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A graph theoretical and support-vector machine approach

2022

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a high risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. This study aimed to explore the functional connectivity (FC) and topological properties among whole brain networks and correlations with impaired cognition and distinguish T2DM from healthy controls (HC) to identify potential biomarkers for cognition abnormalities.MethodsA total of 80 T2DM and 55 well-matched HC were recruited in this study. Subjects’ clinical data, neuropsychological tests and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired. Whole-brain network FC were mapped, the topological characteristics were ana…

Translating recent results from the Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials into clinical practice: recommendations from the Central and Eastern European Diab…

2017

Aims These recommendations aim to improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high cardiovascular (CV) risk in Central and Eastern Europe. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major interdependent comorbidities in patients with T2D, accounting for 50% of mortality. Following recent CV outcomes trial (CVOT) results, including those from EMPA-REG OUTCOME®, LEADER®, SUSTAIN™-6 and, most recently, the CANVAS study, it is essential to develop regional expert consensus recommendations to aid physicians in interpreting these newest data to clinical practice. Methods The Central and Eastern European Diabetes Expert Group (CEEDEG) followed a Delphi method …

Corrigendum: Cost-Effective, Safe, and Personalized Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

2020

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01151.].

Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics

2020

Article Commentary: Clinical Medicine: Endocrinology and Diabetes: Insulin Resistance–-a Link between Inflammation and Hepatocarcinogenesis?

2009

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing world wide. The risk factors for the development of HCC include liver cirrhosis, chronic alcohol intake, and chronic viral hepatitis. These conditions are associated with inflammation, liver cell injury, and oxidative stress. The signaling pathways that contribute to liver cell injury have been shown to also promote insulin resistance in hepatocytes. On the other hand, obesity and diabetes have been suggested as risk factors for the development of chronic liver disease and HCC. The molecular mediators (e.g. stress kinases) and signaling pathways that contribute to cellular injury, proliferation and insulin resistance are also ac…