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showing 10 items of 5973 documents
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With Antidepressive Psychopharmacotherapy: An Explorative Assessment Based on Quantitative Signal Detection Usin…
2015
Drug-induced liver injury is a major problem of pharmacotherapy and is also frequent with antidepressive psychopharmacotherapy. However, there are only few studies using a consistent methodologic approach to study hepatotoxicity of a larger group of antidepress ants. We performed a quantitative signal detection analysis using data from the Uppsala Monitoring Centre from the WHO that records adverse drug reaction (ADR) data from worldwide sources; we retrieved substance- and country-specific (Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) ADR data and calculated reporting odds ratios as measures for disproportionality within a case/noncase approach. To a…
Modifications induced on the amygdaloid paroxysmal activity by entopeduncolar or nigral injection of kainic acid, in the cat.
1983
Entopeduncolar or nigral injection of kainic acid determines an early decrease of the evoked amygdaloid paroxysmal activity and a later increase of the after discharge duration. This biphasic effect is likely due to the structural analogy of the drug with monosodium glutamate, a neuroexcitant amino acid. The data suggest that the basal ganglia exert a tonic control on the amygdaloid activity.
Incidence of infective endocarditis before and after the guideline modification regarding a more restrictive use of prophylactic antibiotics therapy …
2019
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially life-threatening disease. Regardless the improvements in IE management, it remains associated with high mortality and severe complications. Staphylococci and streptococci account for 80% of all IE cases. Prevention of IE by appropriate administration of antibiotics before procedures with potential bacteremia in selected patients is recommended according to recent and current guidelines. However, recent studies, have questioned the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in special situations and in some patient-groups. As a consequence, the guideline of the French working group on IE in 2002, the American Heart Association (AHA) guideline in 2007, …
Quantitative contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: Simulation of bolus dispersion in constricted vessels
2009
Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) by means of T 1 -weighted first-pass magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) requires knowledge of the arterial input function (AIF), which is usually estimated from the left ventricle (LV). Dispersion of the contrast agent bolus may occur between the LV and the tissue of interest, which leads to systematic underestimation of the MBF. The aim of this study was to simulate the dispersion along a simplified coronary artery with different stenoses. To analyze the dispersion in vessels with typical dimensions of coronary arteries, simulations were performed using the computational fluid dynamics approach. Simulations were accomplished on straight vessels wi…
The Nordic Paradox and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Sweden: A background overview
2019
The global public health problem of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is typically tied to gender inequality. Contrary to what would be expected, however, a 2012 survey conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) showed lifetime prevalence rates of IPVAW in the Nordic countries which were among the highest of the 28 EU member states, despite these countries being rated as some of the most gender‐equal in the world. The aim of this article is to enable a furthered understanding of this Nordic Paradox through providing an overview of knowledge about IPVAW in Sweden in relation to the apparent paradox. It assembles information on IPVAW prevalence, on Swede…
Exploring gastric emptying rate in minipigs: Effect of food type and pre-dosing of metoclopramide.
2018
The present study investigated the gastric emptying rate in Gottingen minipigs pre- and post-prandial and evaluated the effect of metoclopramide on the same parameter, using paracetamol as an absorption marker. The pharmacokinetic evaluation of the obtained plasma concentration data for paracetamol demonstrated that the fastest gastric emptying rate was observed in the animals that were allowed access to normal pig food. There was no significant difference in the stomach emptying rate observed between fasted and fed minipigs, when fed either with a FDA standard breakfast or a nutritional energy drink. Pre-dosing minipigs with metoclopramide (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) did not demonstrate any effect …
Cognitive deficits in beta-thalassemia major
2000
Objectives To assess cognitive functioning in patients affected by beta-thalassemia major (beta-th) by using a neuropsychological battery, and to identify clinical correlates. Material and methods Forty-six beta-th patients and 46 controls similar for age, sex, and education participated in the study. All subjects performed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including tests of abstract reasoning, attention, executive functions, language, constructional/visuospatial skills, and memory. Results Compared to controls beta-th patients, in particular those showing signs of hemosiderosis, were significantly impaired on all neuropsychological tests. There was no relationship between cogniti…
Use of drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease in France: a study on a national level based on the National Alzheimer's Data Bank (Banque Nationale A…
2012
Purpose To examine the way in which specific drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease are used and whether their use complies with clinical practice guidelines issued by the French National Authority for Health in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods We analysed a cross-section of the French National Alzheimer's databank (BNA). Participants were individuals who consulted centres contributing to the BNA in 2010 and diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and with at least one Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score recorded during the course of the year. Results Of 191 919 consultations recorded in the database, 29.9% involved a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and 26 809 patients had co…
Can eastern wisdom resolve western epidemics? Traditional Chinese medicine therapies and the opioid crisis.
2020
The widespread use of opioids to treat chronic pain led to a nation-wide crisis in the United States. Tens of thousands of deaths annually occur mainly due to respiratory depression, the most dangerous side effect of opioids. Non-opioid drugs and non-pharmacological treatments without addictive potential are urgently required. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on a completely different medical theory than academic Western medicine. The scientific basis of acupuncture and herbal treatments as main TCM practices has been considerably improved during the past two decades, and large meta-analyses with thousands of patients provide evidence for their efficacy. Furthermore, opinion lead…
Depression mediates physical activity readiness and physical activity in patients with heart failure.
2021
Aims Although physical activity (PA) and exercise are essential for patients with heart failure (HF), adherence to the recommended guidelines is low. Not much is known about the mediating effect of HF patients mental state with their readiness for PA and reported activity levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediatory effect of depression on PA readiness (physical limitation and psychological readiness) and self-reported PA in patients with HF. Methods and results In this cross-sectional study, 163 New York Heart Association Class I and II HF patients, during their clinic visit, reported on their physical limitation (PAR-Q) and psychological readiness [self-efficacy (ESES…