Search results for " tumor"

Changes of oral microcirculation in chemotherapy patients: A possible correlation with mucositis?

2013

The aim of this investigation is to appraise labial oral microcirculation in chemotherapy patients to clarify the effects of cytotoxic agents on oral microvessels. Twenty-five patients with diagnosis of head and neck tumors were recruited in the study. All the patients were submitted to chemotherapy. Labial oral microcirculation was evaluated on labial mucosa using oral videocapillaroscopy. The statistical significance was checked with the Mann–Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). The analysis of videocapillaroscopic patterns showed statistically significant variations relative to the diameter of the incoming loop; the diameter of the outgoing loop; and loop tortuosity. This study shows that capillar…

Imaging-Based Preoperative Planning

2017

Liver resection in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases, as for any other primary or secondary liver tumor, needs to be oncologically effective and surgically safe. Both goals need equal consideration, and imaging-based preoperative planning is paramount for achieving each of them. Preoperative imaging should ideally identify all metastatic lesions in the liver, as well as extrahepatic disease. Furthermore, it should provide an anatomical roadmap with the exact localization of each lesion within the segmental hepatic anatomy, and its proximity to adjacent vasculo-biliary structures, to allow for proper resection leaving the patient with a sufficiently functioning liver remnant. This…

Cholangitis prevention in endoscopic Klatskin tumor palliation: air cholangiography technique.

2009

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic biliary drainage is the treatment of choice for inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (so-called Klatskin tumor). Cholangitis is the main complication post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Klatskin patients, specially when medium contrast is injected into biliary tree that could not be subsequently drained. Bacterial cholangitis is the principal cause of mortality in these patients. The aim of this study is to analyze cholangitis rate resulting from the use of air versus iodine contrast to obtain cholangiography during ERCP. METHODS: In 9 years, 188 inoperable Klatskin patients were recruited and divided into two groups: iodine (A) or air (B) c…

Neuroendocrine tumor of the common bile duct: case report

2017

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a very heterogeneous group of neoplasms; in recent years we have seen an increase in their incidence (3.65 /100.000/year). They can be associated with hereditary endocrine syndromes (MEN, Von Hippel Lindau); they can occur at any age and the incidence is slightly higher in men than women. The aetiology of the neuroendocrine tumors is unclear; in most cases, inflammation of the bile ducts may be the underlying cause and for this reason, the initial patient's evaluation should be focused on the different aspects concerning the oncological one and the possible sequelae of the biliary obstructions that can evolve in biliary sepsis. All neuroendocrine tumors have …

GALAD Score Detects Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an International Cohort of Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2020

Background & Aims The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing. However, strategies for detection of early-stage HCC in patients with NASH have limitations. We assessed the ability of the GALAD score, which determines risk of HCC based on patient sex; age; and serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP isoform L3 (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), to detect HCC in patients with NASH. Methods We performed a case-control study of 125 patients with HCC (20% within Milan Criteria) and 231 patients without HCC (NASH controls) from 8 centers in Germany. We compared the performance of serum AFP, AFP-L3, or DCP vs GALAD …

A methodological framework to enhance the clinical success of cancer immunotherapy.

2011

Role of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in gastrointestinal cancers

2015

AbstractFluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has become a routine imaging modality for many malignancies and its use is currently increasing. In the present review article, we will summarize the evidence for FDG-PET/CT use in digestive cancers (excluding neuroendocrine tumours), and review the existing recommendations. While PET/CT is nowadays considered to be an important tool in the initial workup of oesophageal and anal cancers, new data are emerging regarding its use in assessing therapeutic efficacy, radiotherapy treatment planning, and detection of recurrence in case of isolated tumour marker elevation. Moreover, PET/CT may help …

Neuro-radiosurgery treatments: MRI brain tumor seeded image segmentation based on a cellular automata model

2016

Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) segmentation on medical images is an open issue in neuro-radiosurgery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most promi-nent modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts. Gamma Knife stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a mini-invasive technique used to deal with inaccessible or insufficiently treated tumors. During the planning phase, the GTV is usually contoured by radiation oncologists using a manual segmentation procedure on MR images. This methodology is certainly time-consuming and op-erator-dependent. Delineation result repeatability, in terms of both intra- and inter-operator reliability, is only obtained by using computer-assisted appr…

Head–Neck Cancer Delineation

2021

Head–Neck Cancer (HNC) has a relevant impact on the oncology patient population and for this reason, the present review is dedicated to this type of neoplastic disease. In particular, a collection of methods aimed at tumor delineation is presented, because this is a fundamental task to perform efficient radiotherapy. Such a segmentation task is often performed on uni-modal data (usually Positron Emission Tomography (PET)) even though multi-modal images are preferred (PET-Computerized Tomography (CT)/PET-Magnetic Resonance (MR)). Datasets can be private or freely provided by online repositories on the web. The adopted techniques can belong to the well-known image processing/computer-vision a…

Guidelines for time-to-event end point definitions in sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) trials: results of the DATECAN initiative (…

2015

ABSTRACT The DATECAN initiative (Definition for the Assessment of Time-to-event Endpoints in CANcer trials) aims to provide recommendations for definitions of time-to-event end points in cancer randomized controlled trials. We relied on a consensus method based on a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop these guidelines for trials on sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Background The use of potential surrogate end points for overall survival, such as disease-free survival (DFS) or time-to-treatment failure (TTF) is increasingly common in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in cancer. However, the definition of time-to-event (TTE) end points is rarely precise and lacks unif…