Search results for "Acellular"
showing 10 items of 1986 documents
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors: How mutations can result in therapy resistance and how to overcome resistance
2012
// James A. McCubrey 1 , Linda S. Steelman 1 , William H. Chappell 1 , Stephen L. Abrams 1 , Richard A. Franklin 1 , Giuseppe Montalto 2 , Melchiorre Cervello 3 , Massimo Libra 4 , Saverio Candido 4 , Grazia Malaponte 4 , Maria C. Mazzarino 4 , Paolo Fagone 4 , Ferdinando Nicoletti 4 , Jorg Basecke 5 , Sanja Mijatovic 6 , Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic 6 , Michele Milella 7 , Agostino Tafuri 8 , Francesca Chiarini 9 , Camilla Evangelisti 9 , Lucio Cocco 10 , Alberto M. Martelli 9,10 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA 2 Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 3 Consi…
Activation of MAP kinase signaling pathway in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as biomarker of environmental pollution
2010
Stimulation of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway by various stressful stimuli was investigated in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. Analyses were performed in animals exposed in laboratory to selected pollutants and in mussels collected in winter and summer along the eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia). Effects of oxidative stress, induced by tributyltin, hydrogen peroxide and water soluble fraction of diesel fuel on the activation/phosphorylation of the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK and ERK using a newly developed ELISA procedure were evaluated. MAP kinase activation was analyzed 1 h after exposure of mussels to chemical agents, and after recovery p…
Activation of MAP kinase p38 is critical for the cell-cycle–controlled suppressor function of regulatory T cells
2007
AbstractRegulatory T cells play an essential role in the control of self-tolerance and processes of adaptive immunity. Tolerogenic IL-10–modulated human dendritic cells (IL-10DCs) induce anergic T cells with strong suppressive properties (iTregs) that inhibit the activation of effector T cells. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between cell-cycle regulation and intracellular signaling in these iTregs. Analysis of signal transduction events revealed a down-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and a nonactivation of extracellular-signal–regulated kinase (ERK) in contrast to a marked activation of p38 MAPK and the p38 effector MAPK-a…
Extracellular vesicles provide a capsid-free vector for oncolytic adenoviral DNA delivery
2020
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been showcased as auspicious candidates for delivering therapeutic cargo, including oncolytic viruses for cancer treatment. Delivery of oncolytic viruses in EVs could provide considerable advantages, hiding the viruses from the immune system and providing alternative entry pathways into cancer cells. Here we describe the formation and viral cargo of EVs secreted by cancer cells infected with an oncolytic adenovirus (IEVs, infected cell-derived EVs) as a function of time after infection. IEVs were secreted already before the lytic release of virions and their structure resembled normally secreted EVs, suggesting that they were not just apoptotic fragments of…
Protein mapping of calcium carbonate biominerals by immunogold
2007
The construction of metazoan calcium carbonate skeletons is finely regulated by a proteinaceous extracellular matrix, which remains embedded within the exoskeleton. In spite of numerous biochemical studies, the precise localization of skeletal proteins has remained for a long time as an elusive goal. In this paper, we describe a technique for visualizing shell matrix proteins on the surface of calcium carbonate crystals or within the biominerals. The technique is as follows: freshly broken pieces of biominerals or NaOCl then EDTA-etched polished surfaces are incubated with an antibody elicited against one matrix protein, then with a secondary gold-coupled antibody. After silver enhancement,…
Mechanisms underlying the toxicity of lactone aroma compounds towards the producing yeast cells
2003
M. A G U E D O , L. B E N E Y , Y. W A C H EA N D J. - M. B E L I N. 2003. Aims: To study the fundamental mechanisms of toxicity of the fruity aroma compound c-decalactone, that lead to alterations in cell viability during its biotechnological production by yeast cells; Yarrowia lipolytica that is able to produce high amounts of this metabolite was used here as a model. Methods and Results: Lactone concentrations above 150 mg l )1 inhibited cell growth, depolarized the living cells and increased membrane fluidity. Infrared spectroscopic measurements revealed that the introduction of the lactone into model phospholipid bilayers, decreased the phase transition temperature. Moreover, the H + -…
Early mitochondrial dysfunction, superoxide anion production, and DNA degradation are associated with non-apoptotic death of human airway epithelial …
2002
It has been shown that bacterial exoproducts may induce airway epithelium injury. During the epithelial repair process, the respiratory epithelial cells no more establish tight junctional intercellular complexes and may be particularly susceptible to bacterial virulence factors. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) at different periods of time and concentrations on 16 HBE 14o(-) human bronchial epithelial cells in culture conditions inducing a phenotype of repairing cells. ETA treatment for 24 and 48 h led to the killing of 40.0 +/- 5.7% and 79.0 +/- 1.4% of the cells, respectively, as determined by the dimethylthiazole 2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium br…
Extracellular Vesicles From Liver Progenitor Cells Downregulates Fibroblast Metabolic Activity and Increase the Expression of Immune-Response Related…
2021
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk whose content can induce changes in acceptor cells and their microenvironment. MLP29 cells are mouse liver progenitor cells that release EVs loaded with signaling cues that could affect cell fate. In the current work, we incubated 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts with MLP29-derived EVs, and then analyzed changes by proteomics and transcriptomics. Results showed a general downregulation of protein and transcript expression related to proliferative and metabolic routes dependent on TGF-beta. We also observed an increase in the ERBB2 interacting protein (ERBIN) and Cxcl2, together with an induction of ribosome biogenesis and interferon-relate…
In vitro activity of scorpiand-like azamacrocycle derivatives in promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania br…
2012
The activity of a family scorpiand-like azamacrocycles against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis was studied using promastigotes, axenic and intracellular amastigotes forms. All the compounds are more active and less toxic than meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). Moreover, the data on infection rates and amastigotes showed that compounds P2Py, PN and P3Py are the most active against both species of Leishmania. On the other hand, studies on the inhibitory effect of these compounds on SOD enzymes showed that while the inhibition of the Fe-SOD enzyme of the promastigote forms of the parasites is remarkable, the inhibition of human CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD from Escherichia coli is negl…
MK801 blocks hypoxic blood-brain-barrier disruption and leukocyte adhesion.
2008
The aim of the present study was to examine the signaling pathways of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R)-induced disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) in a co-culture of astrocytes and brain endothelial cells (BEC) in vitro. We analyzed the possible stabilizing effect of MK801, a highly selective N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, on BBB integrity. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutamate (Glut) release and monocyte adhesion were measured under normoxia and H/R. BBB integrity was monitored measuring the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). TEER values dropped under H/R conditions which was abolished by MK801. Glut release from astrocytes, but n…