Search results for "As(V)"
showing 10 items of 2767 documents
Abundance and δ13C values of fatty acids in lacustrine surface sediments: Relationships with in-lake methane concentrations
2018
Proxy-indicators in lake sediments provide the only approach by which the dynamics of in-lake methane cycling can be examined on multi-decadal to centennial time scales. This information is necessary to constrain how lacustrine methane production, oxidation and emissions are expected to respond to global change drivers. Several of the available proxies for reconstructing methane cycle changes of lakes rely on interpreting past changes in the abundance or relevance of methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB), either directly (e.g. via analysis of bacterial lipids) or indirectly (e.g. via reconstructions of the past relevance of MOB in invertebrate diet). However, only limited information is availabl…
Efficacy and Safety of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Inherited Blood Disorders: Final Data from the C…
2016
Abstract Background: Complications from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with inherited blood disorders (IBLD). Inability to tolerate ribavirin and frequent comorbidities have limited HCV treatment options in these patients. The aim of the C-EDGE IBLD study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a once-daily, fixed-dose combination of elbasvir 50 mg (EBR, an NS5A inhibitor) and grazoprevir 100 mg (GZR, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor) in patients with HCV infection and IBLD, including those with hemoglobinopathies. Methods: C-EDGE-IBLD was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of treatment-naïve and trea…
Failure on voxilaprevir, velpatasvir, sofosbuvir and efficacy of rescue therapy
2021
Background & Aims There are limited data on patients with chronic HCV infection in whom combination voxilaprevir (VOX), velpatasvir (VEL), sofosbuvir (SOF) retreatment fails. Thus, we aimed to assess treatment failure and rescue treatment options in these patients. Methods Samples from 40 patients with HCV genotypes (GT) 1-4 in whom VOX/VEL/SOF retreatment failed were collected within the European Resistance Study Group. Population-based resistance analyses were conducted and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were evaluated retrospectively in 22 patients. Results Most VOX/VEL/SOF failure patients were infected with HCV GT3a (n = 18, 45%) or GT1a (n = 11, 28%) and had cirrhosis …
Clinical significance of detectable and quantifiable HCV RNA at the end of treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in GT1 patients
2018
Background & aims AASLD/IDSA treatment guidelines for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection state that testing for quantitative HCV RNA can be considered at the end of antiviral treatment (EOT) with interferon-free regimens. However, it remains unclear how to respond to a detectable or even quantifiable HCV RNA result. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and predictive value of detectable and quantifiable HCV RNA results at the EOT in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection treated with ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) in a large real-world cohort. Methods A retrospective analysis of the DHC-R (Deutsches Hepatitis C-Register, German Hepatitis C-Registry) coh…
Intrinsic aerobic capacity governs the associations between gut microbiota composition and fat metabolism age-dependently in rat siblings
2017
Host genetic factors affecting the gut microbiome play an important role in obesity, yet limited attention has been paid on the host genetic factors linked to physical fitness in modifying the microbiome. This study determined whether sibling-matched pairs of rats selectively bred for high (HCR) and low (LCR) aerobic capacity differ in their microbiome age-dependently and which taxa associate with differential in metabolism. Several taxa in young adult rats (hereafter young) linked to inherited aerobic capacity, while in older adult (hereafter old) rats most of the differences between the lines associated with body weight. Despite the absence of weight differential between LCR and HCR when…
The clinical relevance of adiposity when assessing muscle health in men treated with androgen deprivation for prostate cancer
2019
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may prospectively decrease absolute lean mass (LM) and increase absolute fat mass (FM). Given that estimates of LM by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry may be overestimated in obese people, this study examined the influence of adiposity on muscle health in men treated with ADT for PCa. Methods: This cross‐sectional study examined the influence of adiposity on total and appendicular LM (ALM), muscle cross‐sectional (CSA), and muscle strength in 70 men treated with ADT [mean (standard deviation) age, 71 (6) years] for PCa compared with age‐matched PCa (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 70). Total body LM, FM and ALM, and …
Addressing HCV Elimination Barriers in Italy: Healthcare Resource Utilization and Cost Impact Using 8 Weeks’ Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Therapy
2021
Introduction: In Italy, hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is achievable; however, barriers remain to achieving the World Health Organization's elimination targets, and have become more pronounced with the spread of COVID-19. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) is a direct-acting antiviral therapy for HCV, approved for 8-week treatment in patients without cirrhosis, and with compensated cirrhosis (CC). Previously, 12 weeks of therapy was recommended for patients with CC. Shortened treatment may reduce the burden on healthcare resources, allowing more patients to be treated. This study presents the benefits that 8-week vs 12-week treatment with G/P may have in Italy. Methods: A multicohort Marko…
The shared frameshift mutation landscape of microsatellite-unstable cancers suggests immunoediting during tumor evolution
2020
The immune system can recognize and attack cancer cells, especially those with a high load of mutation-induced neoantigens. Such neoantigens are abundant in DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient, microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers. MMR deficiency leads to insertion/deletion (indel) mutations at coding microsatellites (cMS) and to neoantigen-inducing translational frameshifts. Here, we develop a tool to quantify frameshift mutations in MSI colorectal and endometrial cancer. Our results show that frameshift mutation frequency is negatively correlated to the predicted immunogenicity of the resulting peptides, suggesting counterselection of cell clones with highly immunogenic frameshift peptid…
PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary carcinoid tumors and their association to tumor spread
2019
Pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors are rare tumors that account for approximately 1% of all lung cancers. The primary treatment option is surgery, while there is no standard treatment for metastatic disease. As the number of PCs diagnosed yearly is increasing, there is a need to establish novel therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PC tumors since blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising therapeutic option in various other malignancies. A total of 168 PC patients treated between 1990 and 2013 were collected from the Finnish biobanks. After re-evaluation of the tumors, 131 (78%) were cl…
Daclatasvir-based regimens in HCV cirrhosis: experience from the Italian early access program
2019
AbstractWe reported the efficacy and safety data for daclatasvir (DCV)-based all-oral antiviral therapy in patients treated in the Italian compassionate-use program. 275 patients were included (202 male-73.5%, mean age: 57.4 years, 62 HIV-coinfected, 94 with recurrence of hepatitis C post-OLT). Forty-nine patients (17.8%) had Child-Pugh B, Genotype(G) distribution was: G1a:72 patients (26.2%), G1b:137 (49.8%); G3:40 (14.5%) and G4:26 (9.5%). Patients received DCV with sofosbuvir(SOF) (n = 221, 129 with ribavirin(RBV) or with simeprevir (SMV) or asunaprevir (ASU) (n = 54, 19 with RBV) for up to 24 weeks. Logistic regression was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with sustai…