Search results for "Breed"

Des avancées en génétique pour lutter contre les stress

2021

National audience; Plusieurs projets de recherche en cours aideront à créer des variétés résistantes à divers bioagresseurs (aphanomyces chez le pois et la lentille, botrytis chez la féverole, puceron chez le pois, bruche chez la féverole et lentille) et tolérantes aux stress abiotiques (gel, stress hydrique) à plus ou moins long terme selon la complexité du caractère.

Étude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression: le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)

2011

Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population's genet…

Muscle Transcriptomic Investigation of Late Fetal Development and Determinism of Maturity at Birth in Two Extreme Breeds: Meishan and Large White

2014

Managing crop nitrogen and soil dynamics

2001

Despite extensive research grain legume seed protein content and yield remains low and unstable. Grain legume performances in the cropping system are highly dependent upon N nutrition of the crop relying on root assimilation of soil N in combination with symbiotic fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen. In order to improve the competitive ability of grain legumes for growth resources an enlargement of the crop surface area production in combination with a judicious management of both inputs and N acquisition (and allocation to the harvested organs) is needed. Competitive ability implies to take into account economical constraints and the crop production effect on the environment, reducing the a…

The pea genome and beyond

2019

International audience; The recently generated pea genome sequence is a significant step for the pea research community towards unravelling functional diversity and establishing genome-enabled breeding. Re-sequencing data reveal the considerable diversity present in the Pisum genus. High-throughput genotyping is now available to explore large collections using the exome capture technology in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or tackle map-based QTL cloning. Furthermore, genomic selection strategies have been developed in order to tackle complex traits such as yield regularity and improve selection efficiency. We will present snapshots of these results and discuss potential transfer of …

Runs of homozygosity in the Italian goat breeds: impact of management practices in low-input systems

2021

Abstract Background Climate and farming systems, several of which are considered as low-input agricultural systems, vary between goat populations from Northern and Southern Italy and have led to different management practices. These processes have impacted genome shaping in terms of inbreeding and regions under selection and resulted in differences between the northern and southern populations. Both inbreeding and signatures of selection can be pinpointed by the analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH), which provides useful information to assist the management of this species in different rural areas. Results We analyzed the ROH distribution and inbreeding (FROH) in 902 goats from the Italia…

Quantitative determination of casein genetic variants in goat milk: Application in Girgentana dairy goat breed

2016

The study was conducted to develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to quantify casein genetic variants (αs2-, β-, and κ-casein) in milk of homozygous individuals of Girgentana goat breed. For calibration experiments, pure genetic variants were extracted from individual milk samples of animals with known genotypes. The described HPLC approach was precise, accurate and highly suitable for quantification of goat casein genetic variants of homozygous individuals. The amount of each casein per allele was: αs2-casein A = 2.9 ± 0.8 g/L and F = 1.8 ± 0.4 g/L; β-casein C = 3.0 ± 0.8 g/L and C1 = 2.0 ± 0.7 g/L and κ-casein A = 1.6 ± 0.3 g/L and B = 1.1 ± 0.2 g/L. A good correl…

Untargeted metabolomics of rind essential oils allowed to differentiate two closely related clementine varieties

2021

[EN] Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related and morphologically identical clementine varieties, Clemenules (NL) and Clemenpons (PO), based on their rind EO, to identify the differential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine their antioxidant capacity. EO rind volatile profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in Citrus fruit at different ripening stages grown two independent years in two di…

Reduction in site fidelity with smaller spatial scale may suggest scale-dependent information use

2014

Animals change the strategy that they use to select breeding sites at the spatial scales of habitat, patch, and microhabitat. In this regard, breeding site fidelity is expected to vary according to environmental predictability, which, in turn, is expected to differ between each spatial scale. However, whether or not animals change their degree of site fidelity at different spatial scales remains unclear. We captured and released males of the terrestrial frog Pseudophryne bibronii into alternative patches within a breeding habitat and determined the extent to which site fidelity influenced individual nest-site choice. We found that males tended to return to their original patch rather than r…

Bresaola made from Cinisara cattle: effect of muscle type and animal category on physicochemical and sensory traits

2020

The physicochemical characteristics and sensory traits of Cinisara bresaola were investigated, to explore a new commercial opportunity for autochthonous dairy cattle farms. Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and Biceps brachii muscles, from adult cows (AC) and grazing (GB) or housed (HB) young bulls of Cinisara breed, were processed to made bresaola. Differences due to animal category and muscle type were observed. Bresaola from AC was richer in fat and volatile organic compounds. The bresaola from Semitendinosus showed higher colorimetric parameters, fat and, when from grazing animals, Warner-Bratzler shear force than those made from other muscles. In general, all bresaola were well appreciat…