Search results for "Cross-section"

showing 10 items of 2665 documents

Inflammation and sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

Inflammatory cytokines have been shown to prompt muscle wasting, ultimately stimulating protein catabolism and suppressing muscle synthesis. However, the possible association between inflammatory parameters and sarcopenia is poorly understood. We therefore aimed to summarize the current evidence about this topic with a meta-analysis of studies reporting serum inflammatory parameters in patients with sarcopenia vs. people without sarcopenia (controls). An electronic PubMed and Scopus search through to 09/01/2016 and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies comparing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines between patients with sarcopenia and controls was made, calculating random-effects stand…

Sarcopenia Inflammation Meta-analysis C reactive proteinmedicine.medical_specialtySarcopeniaInflammationGastroenterologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyProinflammatory cytokineNOsarcopenia03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineC reactive protein; Inflammation; Meta-analysis; Sarcopenia; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Sarcopenia; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInternal medicinemedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineWastingInflammationC reactive proteinbiologybusiness.industryInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaC-reactive proteinObstetrics and Gynecologymedicine.diseaseConfidence intervalmeta-analysisProtein catabolismMeta-analysisEndocrinologyC-Reactive ProteinCross-Sectional StudiesinflammationSarcopeniaMeta-analysisCase-Control Studiesbiology.proteinmedicine.symptombusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBiomarkers
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Appendicular Muscle Mass, Thigh Intermuscular Fat Infiltration, and Risk of Fall in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Elder Women

2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The association between the quantity and composition of skeletal muscle and the decline in physical function in elderly is poorly understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this cross-over study was to investigate the association between thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) infiltration, appendicular muscle mass, and risk of fall in postmenopausal osteoporotic elder women. Second, we examined the differences in muscle mass, IMAT, and risk of fall in the same sample of older subjects after being classified as sarcopenic or nonsarcopenic on the basis of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Inde…

SarcopeniaAgingmedicine.medical_specialtyUrologyAdipose tissueRisk of fallThighMuscle massMagnetic resonance imagingAbsorptiometry PhotonmedicineHumansMuscle SkeletalDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryAgedCross-Over Studiesmedicine.diagnostic_testDual-energy X-ray absorptiometrybusiness.industryRisk of fallSkeletal musclemedicine.diseaseIntermuscular fatPostmenopauseCross-Sectional Studiesmedicine.anatomical_structureThighSarcopeniaBody CompositionMuscleAccidental FallsFemaleGeriatrics and GerontologybusinessGerontology
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Electron resonance scattering from mercury

1977

The differential cross section and the spin polarisation of electrons scattered elastically from mercury have been measured as a function of collision energy in the range 4.0 to 6.0 eV for several selected scattering angles. The observed data can be understood if one assumes that resonances are formed at 4.55 eV in the 2S1/2, at 4.71 eV in the 2D3/2 and at 4.94 eV and 5.51 eV respectively in the 2D5/2 scattering state.

Scattering cross-sectionElastic scatteringPhysicsElectron resonancechemistryScatteringchemistry.chemical_elementResonance scatteringElectronInelastic scatteringAtomic physicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMercury (element)Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics
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Differential cross section for the reaction 2H(γ, p)n from 133 to 158 MeV

1991

The cross section for the reaction 2H(γ, p)n has been measured at laboratory photon energies Eγ = 133−158 MeV and c.m. angles between 30° and 150°. The reaction was induced by a tagged bremsstrahlung photon beam incident on a liquid deuterium target. The uncertainty in the absolute cross sections is ⩽ 5%. There is now reasonable agreement between recent measurements in this energy region and the overall data set now defines the cross section sufficiently well to provide a test of current models of the reaction.

Scattering cross-sectionNuclear reactionPhysicsNuclear physicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsCross section (physics)PhotonDeuteriumNuclear cross sectionAtomic physicsBeam (structure)Bremsstrahlung photonNuclear Physics A
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Deuteron form factor measurements at low momentum transfers

2016

A precise measurement of the elastic electron-deuteron scattering cross section at four-momentum transfers of 0.24 fm−1 ≤ Q ≤ 2.7 fm−1 has been performed at the Mainz Microtron. In this paper we describe the utilized experimental setup and the necessary analysis procedure to precisely determine the deuteron charge form factor from these data. Finally, the deuteron charge radius rd can be extracted from an extrapolation of that form factor to Q 2 = 0.

Scattering cross-sectionPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physicsPhysicsQC1-999Form factor (quantum field theory)ExtrapolationCharge (physics)01 natural sciencesMomentumNuclear physicsDeuteriumCharge radius0103 physical sciencesStatistical physics010306 general physicsMicrotronEPJ Web of Conferences
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Panel Discussion Spin and Polarization Effects in Atomic Processes

1973

In view of all the present activity on spin and polarization effects in atomic processes, perhaps the best approach to my introduction is first to summarize some of the most important recent results and to restrict myself to some typical characteristics.

Scattering cross-sectionPhysicsCondensed matter physicsSpin–orbit interactionPolarization (waves)
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XENON100 dark matter results from a combination of 477 live days

2016

We report on WIMP search results of the XENON100 experiment, combining three runs summing up to 477 live days from January 2010 to January 2014. Data from the first two runs were already published. A blind analysis was applied to the last run recorded between April 2013 and January 2014 prior to combining the results. The ultra-low electromagnetic background of the experiment, ~$5 \times 10^{-3}$ events/(keV$_{\mathrm{ee}}\times$kg$\times$day) before electronic recoil rejection, together with the increased exposure of 48 kg $\times$ yr improves the sensitivity. A profile likelihood analysis using an energy range of (6.6 - 43.3) keV$_{\mathrm{nr}}$ sets a limit on the elastic, spin-independe…

Scattering cross-sectionPhysicsCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)Physics - Instrumentation and DetectorsProton010308 nuclear & particles physicsDark matterFOS: Physical sciencesInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)01 natural sciences7. Clean energyXENON DARK MATTER WIMP TPCNuclear physicsRecoilWIMPLikelihood analysis0103 physical sciences[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Sensitivity (control systems)010306 general physicsEnergy (signal processing)Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic AstrophysicsPhysical Review D
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A novel kind of neutrino oscillation experiment

1994

A novel method to look for neutrino oscillations is proposed based on the elastic scattering process $\bar{\nu}_{i} e^{-}\rightarrow \bar{\nu}_{i} e^{-}$, taking advantage of the dynamical zero present in the differential cross section for $\bar{\nu}_{e} e^{-}\rightarrow \bar{\nu}_{e} e^{-}$. An effective tunable experiment between the "appearance" and "disappearance" limits is made possible. Prospects to exclude the allowed region for atmospheric neutrino oscillations are given.

Scattering cross-sectionPhysicsElastic scatteringNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyZero (complex analysis)FOS: Physical sciencesFísicaHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)High Energy Physics::ExperimentAtmospheric neutrinoNeutrino oscillationBar (unit)
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Polarization of τ in quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering: The role of spectral functions

2019

We present a study of the $\tau$ polarization in charged-current quasielastic (anti)neutrino-nucleus scattering. The spectral function formalism is used to compute the differential cross section and the polarization components for several kinematical setups, relevant for neutrino-oscillation experiments. The effects of the nuclear corrections in these observables are investigated by comparing the results obtained using two different realistic spectral functions, with those deduced from the relativistic global Fermi gas model, where only statistical correlations are accounted for. We show that the spectral functions, although they play an important role when predicting the differential cross…

Scattering cross-sectionPhysicsNuclear Theory010308 nuclear & particles physicsScatteringFOS: Physical sciencesObservablePolarization (waves)01 natural sciences7. Clean energyNuclear physicsNuclear Theory (nucl-th)Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)High Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)0103 physical sciencesSpectral functionNeutrino010306 general physicsFermi gasPhysical Review C
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The role of vector-baryon channels and resonances in the γp→K0Σ+ and γn→K0Σ0 reactions near the K⁎Λ threshold

2013

Abstract We have studied the γ p → K 0 Σ + reaction in the energy region around the K ⁎ Λ and K ⁎ Σ thresholds, where the CBELSA/TAPS cross section shows a sudden drop and the differential cross section experiences a transition from a forward-peaked distribution to a flat one. Our coupled-channel model incorporates the dynamics of the vector meson–baryon interaction which is obtained from the hidden gauge formalism. We find that the cross section in this energy region results from a delicate interference between amplitudes having K ⁎ Λ and K ⁎ Σ intermediate states. The sharp downfall is dictated by the presence of a nearby N ⁎ resonance produced by our model, a feature that we have employe…

Scattering cross-sectionPhysicsNuclear and High Energy Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsResonance01 natural sciencesBaryonFormalism (philosophy of mathematics)Amplitude0103 physical sciencesIntermediate stateVector mesonAtomic physics010306 general physicsNuclear theoryPhysics Letters B
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