Search results for "FUNCTIONAL"
showing 10 items of 4822 documents
Producer Services and the Current Account
2022
Abstract In this paper, we present evidence that countries which experienced a larger expansion of services as a share of GDP in recent years exhibited lower current account balances. We argue that this relationship is compatible with the notion that producer services raise aggregate productivity by enhancing increasing returns to specialization, and we develop a model in which the deregulation of the services industry results in higher GDP growth, a reallocation of resources into the services industry, and a temporary current account deficit. We demonstrate that our theoretical argument is supported by the data, even if we control for a multitude of other factors that potentially affect th…
Productivity Polarization and Sectoral Dynamics in European Regions
2007
Abstract We show that the distribution dynamics of productivity in European regions displays polarization with a nonlinear growth path. We investigate the factors explaining this behavior focusing in particular on sectoral composition. The β -convegence analysis reveals that initial shares of Manufacturing and Other Market Services have a nonlinear impact on growth, while spatial effects are not statistically significant. By decomposing the dynamics of aggregate productivity in terms of sectoral dynamics, we show that productivity in Manufacturing, Non Market Services, and Other Market Services does not converge, for the complex interaction of technological spillovers and specialization eff…
Difusión y localización industrial en España durante el primer tercio del siglo XX
1999
Editada en la Fundación Empresa Pública El propósito del trabajo es estudiar la difusión de los cambios hacia una estructura industrial manufacturera diversificada en las diferentes regiones españolas durante el primer tercio del siglo XX y la evaluación de los factores que explican el crecimiento de la industria manufacturera de estas regiones. Los factores considerados son las economías de localización (extemalidades inarshallianas) y las economías de urbanización (extemalidades de Jacobs). Como no existe un censo industrial en España, se ha estimado una reconstrucción de los impuestos directos industriales en 1913 y 1929 para 50 provincias y 20 manufacturas. En este período de creación d…
Two stories, one fate: age-heaping and literacy in Spain, 1877-1930
2021
This study looks at human capital in Spain during the early stages of modern economic growth. In order to do so, we have assembled a new dataset on ageheaping and literacy in Spain for both men and women between 1877 and 1930 based on six population censuses with information for 49 provinces. Our results show that age-heaping was less prevalent during the second half of the 19th century than previously thought and did not decrease until the early twentieth century. By contrast, literacy increased throughout the whole period. Interestingly, age-heaping and illiteracy rates depict similar spatial patterns which confirm the stark differences in human capital within Spain. Lastly, we raise crit…
International competition in the first wave of globalization: new evidence on the margins of trade
2015
We pose a seemingly ageless question in economic history. To what extent did new entrants in the late nineteenth‐century cotton‐textile industry threaten the customary markets of the European core? Exploiting a newly constructed dataset on textile imports to Spain, we find that as trade costs fell, new rivals began to sell a greater variety of products. Along this dimension, competition can be said to have increased. In response, producers in Europe adjusted the type and number of goods exported. By 1914, specialization mapped onto endowments of skilled labour, capital, and access to raw materials. While firms in new industrializing countries exported low‐end varieties, incumbents in the co…
Customer functional value creation through a sustainable entrepreneurial orientation approach
2019
This paper advances a theoretical model to empirically test firms’ behaviour regarding sustainable entrepreneurship, enhancing what researchers have recently proposed at a solely conceptual level; this entails sustainable entrepreneurship being understood as a discipline that reliably allows organizations to successfully respond to sustainable development and market requirements. The authors suggest an integrated approach of dynamic-capabilities, S-D logic and product-service system views, which highlights the managerial predisposition to adopt a strategic position that fosters value in use (instead of regular property value), according to the current school of thoughts engaged with innovat…
Literacy in the cooperative sector evaluated through the reserve for cooperative education and training
2018
This study aims to evaluate the degree of legal-accounting literacy in cooperatives, having as an indicator the reserve for cooperative education and training, since this reserve is exclusive to the legal regime of cooperatives and which, due to its very specific purposes, presented itself as a mechanism that seeks to prevent or eliminate possible phenomena of illiteracy. This reserve ? which implements the cooperative principle of education, training and information ? addresses members, leaders and workers and aims to contribute to the development of the cooperative, by allowing the education of cooperators, an active membership, the professionalization of the employees and members of the …
Inequalities in the efficiency of the banking sectors of the European Union
2002
The aim of this study was to analyse the inequalities of cost and profit efficiency existing in the banking sectors of the European Union, and the origins of the inequalities observed. The decomposition of the Theil index shows that on the cost side the greatest differences within groups occur when the total sample is divided into institutional groups (commercial banks, saving banks, co-operative banks and other banks), the country effect and the type of productive specialization being more important in explaining the differences between groups. In profit efficiency, there are great differences between countries, but none between specialization clusters.
Cities export specialization
2017
We analyse whether more populated cities have an export specialization different from the one of less populated cities. Using very detailed product-level export data for Brazilian urban areas over ...
La competitivitŕ del comparto florovivaistico del Mezzogiorno d'Italia sul mercato internazionale
2009
The international competitiveness of flowers and ornamental plant sector of the Italian "Mezzogiorno" area - In the last few years the Italian flower and ornamental plant sector has been characterized by a significant dynamicity, becoming one of the most important sectors of the Italian agricultural system. In terms of competitiveness, however, the above sector has faced several market crises due to the globalization process which has brought about an increasing supply of flower and ornamentals in the world market. In a national context, Mezzogiorno is an important area in terms of production source for flowers and ornamental plants, in relation to both extremely favourable climatic conditi…