Search results for "HALO"
showing 10 items of 2623 documents
New Perspectives in Rheoencephalography
2008
One of the most important advances in biomedical engineering has been the ability to inspect inside the body without opening it. In this sense, rheoencephalography (REG) is an electromedical technique used to assess the cerebral blood flow (CBF) by noninvasive electrical impedance methods, using electrodes attached to the scalp surface. This technique was first proposed by Polzer and Schuhfried (1950), and emerged as an extrapolation of impedance plethysmography applied to the head. An electric current flowing through a biological tissue causes a potential difference between any pair of electrodes that can be measured. This potential difference depends on the amplitude of the injected curre…
Evidence for a symbiosis between bacteria of the genus Rhodobacter and the marine sponge Halichondria panicea : harbor also for putatively toxic bac…
1998
Halichondria panicea (Pallas) is a marine sponge, abundantly occurring in the Adriatic sea, North sea and Baltic sea. It was the aim of the present study to investigate if this sponge species harbors bacteria. Cross sections through H. panicea were taken and inspected by electron microscopy. The micrographs showed that this sponge species is colonized by bacteria in its mesohyl compartment. To identify the bacteria, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene segment, typical for bacteria, was performed. DNA was isolated from sponge material that had been collected near Rovinj (Adriatic Sea), Helgoland (North Sea), and Kiel (Baltic Sea) and was amplified with bacterial pri…
Corrigendum to “The thalamus as the generator and modulator of EEG alpha rhythm: A combined PET/EEG study with lorazepam challenge in humans” [NeuroI…
2006
Department of Psychiatry, Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, GermanyAvailable online 2 May 20061053-8119/$ - see front matter D 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.007DOI of original article:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.047.* Corresponding author. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Fax: +496131 17 2448.E-mail address: schreckenberger@nuklear.klinik.uni-mainz.de (M. Schreckenberger).Available online on ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com).
Ring 17 syndrome: first clinical report without intellectual disability
2015
Ring chromosomes are rare abnormalities caused by the fusion of the telomeric regions. Three-ring chromosome syndromes (Cr 20, Cr 17 and Cr 14) cause epilepsy with variable phenotypes. In ring 17 patients with mild phenotype, some authors have shown an epilepsy syndrome similar to that of ring 20. We report the first case of a girl with ring chromosome 17 and a normal neurological and general cognitive profile. She had had, from 9 years old, focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy associated with episodes of non-convulsive status epilepticus with mainly autonomic features. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an abnormal karyotype characterised by the presence of de novo ring chromosome 17 in 19% of meta…
Rapid, reproducible transduction of select forebrain regions by targeted recombinant virus injection into the neonatal mouse brain
2009
Viral vectors can mediate long-term gene expression in different regions of the brain. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and Lenti virus (LV) have both gained prominence due to their ability to achieve specific transduction of various neuronal populations. Whilst widespread gene delivery has been obtained by targeted injection of rAAV in various brain structures, LV has also been utilized for infection of stem cell populations for cell lineage tracing. Both viral vector systems are most commonly used for gene delivery in mature brains, but the great potential of somatic gene delivery into the neonate brain has not been systematically exploited. Here we provide a systematic guideline…
Dopamine antagonists impair ‘red-green’ discrimination in goldfish after intravitreal injection
1995
Color vision in goldfish is tetrachromatic. However, under mesopic illumination conditions the L-cones do not contribute to wavelength discrimination, and color vision becomes trichromatic. To investigate the role of dopamine in light adaptation, we tested the effect of the unspecific dopamine antagonist haloperidol and of the specific dopamine Dl receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and SKF 83566-biotinyl in behavioral wavelength discrimination experiments. After injection of dopamine antagonists into the vitreous, a reduction in wavelength discrimination was observed in the range between 560 nm and 630 nm but not in the range between 404 nm and 501 nm.
PKM2 promotes Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation by fine-tuning STAT3 activation
2019
Th17 cells undergo metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis to support their differentiation and pathogenicity. Damasceno et al. report that PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme, plays a nonmetabolic role in mediating Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune neuroinflammation by fine-tuning STAT3 activation.
Protein kinase CK2 governs the molecular decision between encephalitogenic T H 17 cell and T reg cell development
2016
T helper 17 (TH17) cells represent a discrete TH cell subset instrumental in the immune response to extracellular bacteria and fungi. However, TH17 cells are considered to be detrimentally involved in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast to TH17 cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to be pivotal in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Thus, the balance between Treg cells and TH17 cells determines the severity of a TH17 cell-driven disease and therefore is a promising target for treating autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this balance are still unclear. Here, we report that pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic ablat…
The three trehalases Nth1p, Nth2p and Ath1p participate in the mobilization of intracellular trehalose required for recovery from saline stress in Sa…
2009
Trehalose accumulation is a common response to several stresses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This metabolite protects proteins and membrane lipids from structural damage and helps cells to maintain integrity. Based on genetic studies, degradation of trehalose has been proposed as a required mechanism for growth recovery after stress, and the neutral trehalase Nth1p as the unique degradative activity involved. Here we constructed a collection of mutants for several trehalose metabolism and transport genes and analysed their growth and trehalose mobilization profiles during experiments of saline stress recovery. The behaviour of the triple ¿nth1¿nth2¿ath1 and quadruple ¿nth1¿nth2¿at…
The ATC1 gene encodes a cell wall-linked acid trehalase required for growth on trehalose in Candida albicans.
2004
After screening a Candida albicans genome data base, the product of an open reading frame (IPF 19760/CA2574) with 41% identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar acid trehalase (Ath1p) was identified and named Atc1p. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that Atc1p contains an N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide and 20 potential sites for N-glycosylation. C. albicans homozygous mutants that lack acid trehalase activity were constructed by gene disruption at the two ATC chromosomal alleles. Analysis of these null mutants shows that Atc1p is localized in the cell wall and is required for growth on trehalose as a carbon source. An Atc1p endowed with acid trehalase activity was obtained by …