Search results for "IAD"

Enhanced glomerular Toll-like receptor 4 expression and signaling in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria

2014

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a component of the innate immune system, is recognized to promote tubulointerstitial inflammation in overt diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, there is no information on immune activation in resident renal cells at an early stage of human DN. In order to investigate this, we studied TLR4 gene and protein expression and TLR4 downward signaling in kidney biopsies of 12 patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, and compared them with 11 patients with overt DN, 10 with minimal change disease (MCD), and control kidneys from 13 patients undergoing surgery for a small renal mass. Both in microalbuminuria and in overt DN, TLR4 mRNA and protein were overexpress…

Distant Homology Modeling of LCAT and Its Validation through In Silico Targeting and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

2013

LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) catalyzes the transacylation of a fatty acid of lecithin to cholesterol, generating a cholesteryl ester and lysolecithin. The knowledge of LCAT atomic structure and the identification of the amino acids relevant in controlling its structure and function are expected to be very helpful to understand the enzyme catalytic mechanism, as involved in HDL cholesterol metabolism. However - after an early report in the late '90 s - no recent advance has been made about LCAT three-dimensional structure. In this paper, we propose an LCAT atomistic model, built following the most up-to-date molecular modeling approaches, and exploiting newly solved crystallog…

Pharmacological activity of PF-904 in guinea pig in vivo, and on human bronchus and neutrophils in vitro.

1997

The effects of PF-904 (4-amino-1-ethyl-6-methylpyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide), a pyrazinothiadiazine derivative, were examined in guinea-pig airways in vivo, in human isolated bronchus and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PF-904 (12.5-200 mg/kg, intraduodenal) reduced bronchoconstriction in response to histamine, arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and methacholine. PF-904 (50-200 mg/kg) prevented PAF-induced airways hyperreactivity and inhibited antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway microvascular leakage and eosinophil lung accumulation, but antigen-induced airways hyperresponsiveness was not reduced. PF-904 (1 microM-1 mM) produced complete inhibiti…

IgA antiendomysial antibodies on the umbilical cord in diagnosing celiac disease. Sensitivity, specificity, and comparative evaluation with the tradi…

1996

The possibility of assaying antiendomysial antibodies (EmA) on the human umbilical cord instead of monkey esophagus has recently been suggested. We therefore evaluated in patients with celiac disease (CD) the sensitivity and specificity of EmA and of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) for both umbilical cord and monkey esophagus.We studied 36 patients with CD and atrophy of the intestinal mucosa (median age, 1.4 years), 14 patients with CD on gluten-free diet for 8-12 months (median age, 3.0 years), 36 controls without gastrointestinal disease (median age, 4.0 years), and 72 patients with cow's milk protein enteropathy (CMPE) (median age, 1.2 years). AGA and EmA on monkey esophagus were assayed w…

When tubules aggregate

2011

Within muscle fibres, tubules appear as microtubules, transverse tubules, and different components of the sarcotubular system, the latter consisting of longitudinal tubules and lateral or terminal sacs which, at special junctional connections, are situated on both sides of transverse tubules forming triads. Pathological structures related to the transverse tubules are honeycomb structures, both the transverse tubules and the honeycomb ones being labelled by extracellularly applied lanthanum [1] or potassium ferrocyanide [2], thus, indicating an open connection between the interior of the muscle fibres and the extracellular space. Dyads or multiple incomplete or complete forms of triads, pen…

Response to Molina-Infante et al.

2013

Diagnostic efficacy of the ELISA test for the detection of deamidated anti-gliadin peptide antibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disea…

2009

Background and Aim: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an ELISA test for anti-gliadin IgA and IgG antibodies, which uses synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides (anti-gliadin antibodies, AGAs) as coating; the results were compared with a test that uses extracted gliadin (AGAe). Methods: The study was conducted on the sera of 144 patients suffering from celiac disease (CD), including 20 patients with IgA deficiency and 9 who were following a gluten-free diet (GFD), and 129 controls. Results: In the 115 CD patients (without IgA deficiency), the sensitivity of AGAe IgA and IgG was 32.2 and 60.9%, whereas that of AGAs IgA and IgG was 59.1 and 72.2%. The specificity for AGAe IgA and IgG, a…

Low Energy Availability is Difficult to Assess But Outcomes Have Large Impact on Bone Injury Rates in Elite Distance Athletes

2018

We aimed to (a) report energy availability (EA), metabolic/reproductive function, bone mineral density, and injury/illness rates in national/world-class female and male distance athletes and (b) investigate the robustness of various diagnostic criteria from the Female Athlete Triad (Triad), Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) tools to identify risks associated with low EA. Athletes were distinguished according to benchmarks of reproductive function (amenorrheic [n = 13] vs. eumenorrheic [n = 22], low [lowest quartile of reference range; n = 10] versus normal testosterone [n = 14]), and EA calculated from 7-day food and training d…

Immunologic and absorptive tests in celiac disease: can they replace intestinal biopsies?

1993

The sensitivity and specificity of several immunologic and absorption tests were determined in infants with celiac disease (31 male, 39 female; median age, 2.6 years) in different phases of the disease and in a group of control subjects with chronic diarrhea of different etiologies (32 male, 28 female; median age, 1.2 years). Intestinal biopsy was performed both in the patients and in the controls as a 'gold standard' for the diagnosis. The anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) IgG values showed a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 47%; AGA IgA were 69% sensitive and 92% specific; anti-endomysial antibodies (EmA) were 100% sensitive and 97% specific; the xylose test was 71% sensitive and 53% spe…

Response to Villanacci et al.

2013

REFERENCES 1 . Carroccio A , Mansueto P , Iacono G et al. Nonceliac wheat sensitivity diagnosed by doubleblind placebo-controlled challenge: exploring a new clinical entity . Am J Gastroenterol 2013 (this issue) . 2 . Ludvigsson JF , Le$ er DA , Bai JC et al. " e Oslo de! nitions for coeliac disease and related terms . Gut 2013 ; 62 : 43 – 52 . 3 . Sapone A , Bai JC , Ciacci C et al. Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classi! cation . BMC Med 2012 ; 10 – 13 . 4 . Ferch CC , Chey WD . Irritable bowel syndrome and gluten sensitivity without celiac disease: separating the wheat from the cha% . Gastroenterology 2012 ; 142 : 664 – 6 . 5 . Biesiekierski JR , N…