Search results for "Lobus"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Miocene fossil cercopithecoids from Kenya
1986
Fossil cercopithecoid material from Ngeringerowa, Ngorora, and Nakali, dated at between 8.5 and 10.5 m.y., is described. The specimens are the only cercopithecoid remains dated between 15 and 6 m.y. from sub-Saharan Africa. The mandible of asmall colobine from Ngeringerowa (similar in size to Colobus verus) is assigned to a new genus and species, Microcolobus tugenensis. Unlike other colobine genera, the symphysis of Microcolobus lacks an inferior transverse torus. A colobine lower M1 or 2 from Nakali is longer and narrower than molars of M. tugenensis, indicating that it may belong to a distinct taxon. A P4 from Ngorora cannot be assigned confidently to subfamily, due to its unique metacon…
Nitric oxide-active compounds modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in globus pallidus of rat
2011
The globus pallidus (GP) of rodents, homologous to the external globus pallidus of primates, plays a critical role in the expression of basal ganglia (BG) function. Glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs have been demonstrated to greatly modulate the spontaneous GP activity. In this study the effects of local applied NO-active compounds on glutamate (GLU)- and GABA-evoked responses were investigated in rat GP neurons. Extracellularly recorded single units from anesthetized rats were treated with GLU or GABA before and during the microiontophoretic application of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), a NO donor, and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor. Most GP cells were excited by…
Nitric oxide-active compounds modulate the intensity of glutamate-evoked responses in the globus pallidus
2011
In this study, the effects of microiontophoretically applied NO-active compounds on glutamate(GLU)-evoked responses were investigated in globus pallidus (GP) neurons from anesthetized rats. Most GP cells were excited by S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), an NO donor, whereas administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor, induced a decrease of GP neurons activity. Nearly all neurons responding to SNOG and/or L-NAME showed significant excitatory responses to the administration of iontophoretic GLU. In these cells, the changes induced by NO-active drugs in the magnitude of GLU-evoked responses were used as indicators of NO modulation. When an NO-active drug and GLU wer…
The control of amygdaloid seizures by the globus pallidus.
1981
Both in acute and chronic cats entopeduncular stimulation inhibits, to a greater extent than caudate activation, focal paroxysmal activity in the ventro-basal complex of the amygdala. Lesion of entopeduncular neurons, by means of kainic acid injection, induces a decrease of the caudate inhibitory effect. It is suggested that neostriatal control of the amygdaloid seizures occurs partly through the globus pallidus.
Acute and reversible Pisa syndrome as unusual presentation of portosystemic encephalopathy
2020
Abstract We present the first case of acute and reversible Pisa Syndrome, as a clinical manifestation of a portosystemic encephalopathy bout occurring in a patient affected with cirrhosis and clinical-radiological signs of acquired hepatocerebral degeneration, without exposure to psychotropic medications. A 62 year-old man suffering from cirrhosis was admitted to our hospital for sudden onset of mild confusion and postural change. He was observed walking and standing with a tilt toward the right during the last two hours. On neurological examination, he showed bilateral asterixis and extrapyramidal signs. Clinical diagnosis of Pisa Syndrome was made in a setting of raised serum ammonia. A b…
EFFERENT CONNECTIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM OF THE WEAKLY ELECTRIC FISH EIGENMANNIA SP. (GYMNOTODEI)
1981
An efferent connection of lobus caudalis cells of the cerebellum of the electric fish Eigenmannia sp. has been verified by means of electrical stimulation and recording techniques. Stimulating in the lobus caudalis, an orthodromic activation has been found in the reticular formation of the midbrain tegmentum. Switching recording and stimulating electrodes led to an antidromic activation in cells of the lobus caudalis. The area identified in the midbrain corresponds to what, in higher vertebrates, is called the red nucleus.
Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence varies by cat breed.
2017
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic parasite that is relevant for veterinary and public health. The domestic cat, the definitive host species with the largest worldwide population, has become evolutionarily and epidemiologically the most important host of T. gondii. The outcome of T. gondii infection is influenced by congenital and acquired host characteristics. We detected differences in T. gondii seroprevalence by cat breed in our previous studies. The aims of this study were to estimate T. gondii seroprevalence in selected domestic cat breeds, and to evaluate whether being of a certain breed is associated with T. gondii seropositivity, when the age and lifestyle of the cat are tak…
Reward for food odors: An fMRI study of liking and wanting as a function of metabolic state and BMI
2014
Brain reward systems mediate liking and wanting for food reward. Here, we explore the differential involvement of the following structures for these two components: the ventral and dorsal striatopallidal area, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior insula, and anterior cingulate. Twelve healthy female participants were asked to rate pleasantness (liking of food and non-food odors) and the desire to eat (wanting of odor-evoked food) during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The subjective ratings and fMRI were performed in hunger and satiety states. Activations of regions-of-interest were compared as a function of task (liking vs. wanting), odor category (food vs. non-…
Nitric oxide-active compounds modulate the intensity of glutamate-evoked responses in the globus pallidus of the rat
2011
Abstract Aim The effects of local applied NO-active compounds on glutamate (GLU)-evoked responses were investigated in globus pallidus (GP) neurons. Main methods Extracellularly recorded single units from anesthetized rats were treated with GLU before and during the microiontophoretic application of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), a NO donor, and Nω-nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor. Key findings Most GP cells were excited by SNOG whereas administration of L-NAME induced decrease of GP neurons activity. Nearly all neurons responding to SNOG and/or L-NAME showed significant modulation of their excitatory responses to the administration of iontophoretic GLU. In these cell…
Modulation of in vivo GABA-evoked responses by nitric oxide-active compounds in the globus pallidus of rat.
2012
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule acting as a messenger in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. NO affects synaptic activity by modulating neurotransmitter release and/or receptor function. We previously observed that NO-active compounds modify the bioelectric activity of basal ganglia (BG) units. In this study, we applied microiontophoresis to extracellular in vivo recordings to investigate the effect of NO-active compounds on GABA-evoked responses in the globus pallidus (GP) of anesthetized rats. The changes induced by NO-active drugs on the GABA-induced inhibition were used as indicators of NO modulation. The response to GABA release was tested on recorded GP neuron…