Search results for "Mental disorders"
showing 10 items of 1528 documents
How physical activity, fitness, and motor skills contribute to math performance: Working memory as a mediating factor
2021
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity, fitness and motor skills have indirect association with math performance via cognitive outcomes and if so, through which aspects of cognition? Methods This study comprised 311 6th–9th grade adolescents (12–17y [M age=14.0y], 59% girls) from seven schools throughout Finland in 2015. Math performance was measured via a teacher-rated math achievement and the Basic Arithmetic test. Cognitive functions were measured by broad cognitive test battery. Physical activity was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire and a hip-worn accelerometer. Aerobic fitness was estimated using a maximal 20-m shuttle run test, muscular f…
Lasītprasmes veicināšana 5-6 gadus veciem bērniem ar jauktiem attīstības traucējumiem
2020
Darba mērķis:pētīt lasītprasmes veicināšanas iespējas 5-6 gadus veciem bērniem ar jauktiem attīstības traucējumiem ar vizuālo materiālu palīdzību.Darba pirmajā nodaļā autore apskata bērnu vecumposma attīstības īpatnības,fizioloģiju un psiholoģiju dažādu autoru skatījumā. Otrā daļā autore apskatīja un pētīja dažādus zinātniskās literatūras avotus un rakstus,kas saistīt ar lasītprasmes raksturojumu, veicinošiem un kavējošiem faktoriem, metodiku,kas veicina lasītprasmes attīstību. Iegūtās atziņas izmantoju pētāmās tēmas aprakstam.Trešajā daļā veicu pētniecisko darbu par vizuālo materiālu izmantošanu lasītprasmes veicināšanā. Analizēju literatūru, vadīju nodarbības, gatavoju metodiskos materiāl…
Social Cognition in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Associations with Executive…
2017
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social impairments. The first objective of this study was to analyze social cognition deficits of children with ADHD, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typical development (TD) in their performance on explicit and applied measures of theory of mind (ToM). The second objective was to investigate the relationships between executive functions and social cognition in HFASD and ADHD. One hundred and twenty-six 7- to 11-year old children, 52 with HFASD, 35 with ADHD, and 39 with TD, performed the NEPSY-II social perception subtests. Parents estimated their children’…
Investigating the professional agency of secondary school English teachers in South Korea
2020
This qualitative study examines the professional agency of secondary English teachers in Midwestern South Korea. Specifically, it investigates how secondary English teachers in South Korea understand their professional agency and what mediates their professional agency. The ecological approach in this study recognises that agency encompasses both individual and environmental dimensions and is formed through the constant interplay between the individual and the environment. The dataset for this study comprises 15 semi-structured interviews with secondary English teachers in South Korea. The thematic analysis highlights a significant gap between Korean English teachers’ espoused agency and re…
Marcatge posicional i prominència en el vocalisme àton
2008
It has long been noticed that more perceptible elements tend to associate to positions that are structurally stronger to the end that several prominent features converge in the same site; and vice versa: elements of low perceptibility prototypically associate to less prominent positions ("positional markedness"). The main aim of this paper is to present the effects of positional markedness in the a-tonic vowel system of Catalan through the analysis of two cases that have not been studied in depth, i.e. the occurrence of different epenthetic vowels according to the position in which they appear in Alghero and western Catalan, and the presence of different patterns of vowel reduction in weste…
Modulation of the Endocannabinoids N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on Executive Functions in Human.
2013
Animal studies point to an implication of the endocannabinoid system on executive functions. In humans, several studies have suggested an association between acute or chronic use of exogenous cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and executive impairments. However, to date, no published reports establish the relationship between endocannabinoids, as biomarkers of the cannabinoid neurotransmission system, and executive functioning in humans. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating levels of plasma endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and executive functions (decision making, response inhibition and cognit…
Borderline Personality in Patients with Poly-Diagnoses Treated for a Bipolar Disorder
2019
Some patients with dysphoria, explosive behaviour, or suicidal ideation, may receive a diagnosis of, and treatment for Bipolar Disorder (BD) and, not infrequently. The coexistence of these two diagnoses has been explained in different ways. Some authors include the BPD in the bipolar spectrum; others are sceptical about the existence of real comorbidity, suggesting a misdiagnosis. This study aimed to assess the personality of this group of poly-diagnosed patients (PolyD) and hypothesised they had a pathological borderline organisation. Via the administration of the Schedler Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200), we compared PolyD patients with those suffering from BPD or BD only. We perfor…
On the Prevalence of Addicted or Problematic Gaming in Finland
2019
Highlights • A dataset from Finland in 2015 (systematic random sampling N = 4511) suggests an (unweighted) prevalence rate of certain “addicted gaming” (videogame play) to be 0.6% among local gamers and 0.03% among the whole population. • The implied prevalence of certain “problematic gaming” (videogame play) climbs to 1.4% among local gamers and 0.6% among the whole population. • Of those “addicted” individuals to whom videogame play was a problem “almost always,” eight reported their hours of play during a week (72, 30, 10, 7, 4, 1, 1, 1), which indicate that “addicted gaming,” if understood as excessive play, might not be optimal for describing such problems.
Lead Excretion in Spanish Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
2015
Among epigenetic factors leading to increased prevalence of juvenile neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, exposure to metals, such as lead (Pb) have led to conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of Pb in the urine of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing children (TD) age- and sex-matched, and to analyze any association between core symptoms of ASD, special diets, supplements intake or prescription drugs and the concentration of Pb. The study was performed in a group of children with ASD (n = 35, average age 7.4 ± 0.5 years) and TD (n = 34, average age 7.7 ± 0.9 years). Measurement of…
Semantic processing in children with autism spectrum disorder
2021
El presente estudio analizó el procesamiento semántico de un grupo de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (n= 24), con el objetivo principal de averiguar si presentan diferencias en comparación con un grupo de niños con desarrollo típico (n = 24). Para ello, se realizó un análisis del contenido de los ítems del subtest de información del WPPSY-III, estableciendo una serie de categorías en función del tipo de demanda semántica requerida: asociación significante-significado, relación experiencial y conocimiento general. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la idea de que los niños con autismo realizarían un procesamiento semántico de la información de la misma manera que los niños sin autismo…