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Charles XIV Jean (alias Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte) and the Finnish Question
2008
One of the first important acts of Charles Jean XIV as head of Sweden was to renounce the idea of reconquering Finland. It was a difficult position to take, considering the conditions of the time, and in all likelihood, he swung back and forth for several months before taking a definitive decision, contrary to what he might have asserted later. Moreover, the regent, then sovereign, of Sweden, was forced to justify his choice throughout his reign and to navigate between the dangerous reefs of a diverse opposition , which was organised to varying degrees.Thus, the Finnish policy was, for another thirty years, a thorn in the side of the royal power at Stockholm.
Obowiązki i prawa szeregowców autoramentu cudzoziemskiego Armii Koronnej i Litewskiej w świetle artykułów wojskowych (wojennych) oraz regulaminów z l…
2016
W pierwszych dwóch dekadach XVIII w. dokonał się proces modernizacji wojskowości polsko-litewskiej. Przede wszystkim unowocześniono wyposażenie oddziałów dragonii i piechoty wprowadzając do uzbrojenia karabiny skałkowe (flint lock), wzorowane na armii saskiej pałasze i szpady, jednolite sorty mundurów, a także sprzęt „obozowy”. Ustanowiono także nowe schematy organizacyjne regimentów piechoty. Działania modernizacyjne zakończono wkrótce po 1717 r., choć nie wprowadzono wszystkich koniecznych i częściowo zapowiedzianych w uchwałach sejmu niemego zmian. Wśród zarzuconych zamierzeń reformatorskich znalazły się kwestie prawno-organizacyjne i prawne, niezwykle istotne do prawidłowego funkcjonowa…
Vēsture: Sabiedrība, pārvalde un saimniecība Baltijas jūras reģionā no aizvēstures līdz jaunajiem laikiem
2012
Šajā LU Rakstu sējumā iekļautie raksti pamatojas gan uz referātiem, kas tikuši nolasīti 2008.–2010. gadā LU 66., 67. un 68. zinātniskās konferences Arheoloģijas, kā arī Viduslaiku un jauno laiku vēstures sekcijā, gan uz LU Vēstures un filozofijas fakultātes doktorantu pētījumiem. Raksti ir sadalīti divās daļās, kas, lai gan hronoloģiski pārklājas, tomēr atspoguļo dažādas vēstures jomas – pirmā krājuma daļa ir veltīta aktuāliem arheoloģiskiem pētījumiem, savukārt otrajā daļā iekļautie raksti pievēršas viduslaiku un jauno laiku vēstures problemātikai. Krājuma rakstos no dažādām pētnieciskām perspektīvām aplūkoti Baltijas jūras reģiona – pārsvarā Latvijas teritorijas (viena raksta gadījumā att…
The outer shock of SN1006
2008
Generation of T Follicular Helper Cells Is Mediated by Interleukin-21 but Independent of T Helper 1, 2, or 17 Cell Lineages
2008
After activation, CD4(+) helper T (Th) cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets. Although chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5-expressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important in humoral immunity, their developmental regulation is unclear. Here we show that Tfh cells had a distinct gene expression profile and developed in vivo independently of the Th1 or Th2 cell lineages. Tfh cell generation was regulated by ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on B cells and was dependent on interleukin-21 (IL-21), IL-6, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). However, unlike Th17 cells, differentiation of Tfh cells did not require transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta…
Socs3 induction by PPARγ restrains cancer-promoting inflammation
2013
The presence of proinflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment can support further growth of established cancers. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has been shown to suppress inflammation and limit tumor progression in vivo. Are the anticancer properties of DHA relying on its ability to prevent inflammation? If so, what are the molecular links between the anti-inflammatory properties of DHA and its anticancer effects? DHA is an n-3 polyinsaturated fatty acid mainly found in fish oil that was shown to contribute to inflammation resolution by preventing the release of proinflammatory mediators in vivo.1 DHA has also been as…
Combined interleukin 6 and soluble interleukin 6 receptor accelerates murine liver regeneration.
2000
Abstract Background & Aims: Liver regeneration after loss of hepatic tissue leads to hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell proliferation and rapid restoration of liver parenchyma. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a key inducer of transcription factors involved in liver regeneration. Whenever IL-6 activates target cells, it binds to a specific IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). The IL-6/IL-6R complex then associates with the signal transducer gp130, leading to activation of intracellular signaling. Methods: We have recently constructed the designer cytokine Hyper-IL-6 consisting of soluble IL-6R covalently linked to IL-6, which directly stimulates gp130 even in the absence of membrane-bound IL-6R. We compared the inf…
Induction of tolerogenic lung CD4+ T cells by local treatment with a pSTAT-3 and pSTAT-5 inhibitor ameliorated experimental allergic asthma.
2010
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 inhibitors play an important role in regulating immune responses. Galiellalactone (GL) is a fungal secondary metabolite known to interfere with the binding of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)-3 as well of pSTAT-6 dimers to their target DNA in vitro. Intra nasal delivery of 50 μg GL into the lung of naive Balb/c mice induced FoxP3 expression locally and IL-10 production and IL-12p40 in RNA expression in the airways in vivo. In a murine model of allergic asthma, GL significantly suppressed the cardinal features of asthma, such as airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and mucus production, after…
Looking for biological factors to predict the risk of active cytomegalovirus infection in non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients
2013
The identification of non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients most at risk for developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is potentially of great clinical relevance. The current study was aimed at determining (i) whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), interleukin-10 IL-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) have an impact on the incidence rate of active CMV infection, (ii) whether serum levels of CMV-specific IgGs are associated with the risk of CMV reactivation, and (iii) whether detection of CMV DNA in saliva precedes that in the lower respiratory tract or the blood compartment. A total of 36 out of 78 patients (46…
A novel Usher protein network at the periciliary reloading point between molecular transport machineries in vertebrate photoreceptor cells.
2008
Contains fulltext : 69178.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness. USH is genetically heterogeneous with at least 12 chromosomal loci assigned to three clinical types, USH1-3. Although these USH types exhibit similar phenotypes in human, the corresponding gene products belong to very different protein classes and families. The scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C) was shown to integrate all identified USH1 and USH2 molecules into protein networks. Here, we analyzed a protein network organized in the absence of harmonin by the scaffold proteins SANS (USH1G) and whirlin (USH2D). Immunoelectron microscopic anal…