Search results for "Respiratory medicine"

showing 10 items of 1534 documents

Inhaled Prostacyclin, Nitric Oxide, and Nitroprusside in Pulmonary Hypertension After Mitral Valve Replacement

2005

Abstract Objective: Pulmonary hypertension increases morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing heart surgery. Mitral valve stenosis is frequently associated with an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Cardiopulmonary bypass exacerbates pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of inhaled prostacyclin and nitric oxide and the administration of i.v. nitroprusside during cardiac surgery with a clinical, pharmacodynamic dose-response, prospective, randomized, and double-blind study (Group A: inhaled prostacyclin; Group B: inhaled nitric oxide; Group C: nitroprusside). Materials and Methods: Fifty…

MaleNitroprussidePulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyCardiac outputHypertension Pulmonarymedicine.medical_treatmentProstacyclinNitric OxideNitric oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundMitral valve stenosisDouble-Blind MethodInternal medicineAdministration InhalationmedicineHumansMitral Valve StenosisAntihypertensive AgentsEndothelium-Dependent Relaxing FactorsHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationCardiopulmonary Bypassbusiness.industryMitral valve replacementMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseEpoprostenolPulmonary hypertensionCardiac surgerymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryAnesthesiacardiovascular systemCardiologyVascular resistanceMitral ValveFemaleSurgeryCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusinessmedicine.drugJournal of Cardiac Surgery

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Gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease are strongly associated with non-allergic nasal disorders

2021

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to be significantly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, but the strength of the association is still debated.AimsTo evaluate the strength of the association between gastritis/GERD and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR)/allergic rhinitis (AR)/sinusitis.MethodsWe investigated 2887 subjects aged 20–84 years, who underwent a clinical visit in seven Italian centres (Ancona, Palermo, Pavia, Terni, Sassari, Torino, Verona) within the study on Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases, a population-based multicase-control study between 2008 and 2014. Subjects were asked if they had doctor-diagnosed “gastritis or sto…

MaleNon-allergic rhinitisGastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastroenterologyAllergic rhinitis0302 clinical medicinePrevalenceNon-allergic rhiniti030223 otorhinolaryngologySinusitisRhinitisAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studyMiddle AgedGastrititItalyGastritisGastroesophageal RefluxFemalePublic HealthGastritismedicine.symptomResearch ArticleAdultPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyPopulationGastrititsSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioNOHiatal herniaGastritits Gastroesophageal refux disease Allergic rhinitis Non-allergic rhinitis SinusitisYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesAllergic rhinitis; Gastritits; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Non-allergic rhinitis; SinusitisInternal medicineAllergic rhinitimedicineHumansGastroesophageal refux diseaseSinusitiseducationAgedlcsh:RC705-779business.industrylcsh:Diseases of the respiratory systemmedicine.diseaseRhinitis AllergicSinusitidigestive system diseases030228 respiratory systemRelative riskChronic DiseaseGERDAllergic rhinitis; Gastritits; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Non-allergic rhinitis; Sinusitis Public HealthNon-allergic rhinitisbusinessEsophagitis

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Mepolizumab effectiveness on small airway obstruction, corticosteroid sparing and maintenance therapy step-down in real life

2020

Background: Mepolizumab (MEP) has been recently introduced to treat severe eosinophilic asthma. Trials have demonstrated a significant effectiveness in this asthma phenotype. We evaluated MEP efficacy on lung function, symptoms, asthma exacerbations, biologic markers, steroid dependence and controller treatment level in real-life. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 134 severe asthmatics (61 males; mean age 58.3 ± 11; mean FEV1%:72 ± 21), treated with MEP for at least 6 months (mean duration:10.9 ± 3.7 months). Results: FEV1% improved significantly after MEP. Mean FEF25-75 also increased from 37.4 ± 25.4% to 47.2 ± 27.2% (p < 0.0001). Mean baseline blood eosinophil level was 712 ± 731/μ…

MaleOmalizumabFEF(25-75)step-down0302 clinical medicineMaintenance therapyAdrenal Cortex HormonesSettore MED/10Pharmacology (medical)Anti-Asthmatic Agents030212 general & internal medicinesmall airwaysAsthma exacerbationsmepolizumabMiddle AgedAnesthesiaFEF25-75CorticosteroidDrug Therapy CombinationFemalemedicine.drugPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinesevere asthmamedicine.drug_classMepolizumab Severe asthma Real-life Small airways FEF25-75 Oral corticosteroids Step-down EffectiveneseffectivenessSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratoriooral corticosteroidsAntibodies Monoclonal HumanizedNO03 medical and health sciencesEffectiveness FEF 25-75 Mepolizumab Oral corticosteroids Real-life Severe asthma Small airways Step-downmedicineHumansIn real lifeFEFreal-lifeAgedRetrospective StudiesBiologic markerbusiness.industryEffectivenesBiochemistry (medical)Effectiveness; FEF; 25-75; Mepolizumab; Oral corticosteroids; Real-life; Severe asthma; Small airways; Step-downAirway obstructionmedicine.diseaseAsthmaBlood Cell Countrespiratory tract diseasesAirway ObstructionEosinophils030228 respiratory systemeffectiveness; FEF(25-75); mepolizumab; oral corticosteroids; real-life; severe asthma; small airways; step-down25-75businessMepolizumab

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Functional FLT1 genetic variation is a prognostic factor for recurrence in stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer

2015

Background: We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway of angiogenesis will associate with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Fifty-three SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor-pathway genes were genotyped in 150 European stage I-III NSCLC patients and tested for associations with patient survival. Replication was performed in an independent cohort of 142 European stage I-III patients. Reporter gene assays were used to assess the effects of SNPs on transcriptional activity. Results: In the initial cohort, five SNPs associated (q < 0.05) with relapse-free survival (RFS). The minor allele…

MaleOncologyLung NeoplasmsAngiogenesisBioinformaticsmedicine.disease_causeCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineNon-small cell lung cancerVEGF pathwayCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell LungFLT1Aged 80 and over0303 health sciencesHazard ratioMiddle AgedPrognosis3. Good healthOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisFemaleKRASSNPsAdultPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtySingle-nucleotide polymorphismPolymorphism Single NucleotideDisease-Free SurvivalArticle03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineBiomarkers TumormedicineHumansNon–small cell lung cancerSNPLung cancerSurvival analysisAgedNeoplasm Staging030304 developmental biologyVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1business.industryGenetic VariationMICROBIOLOGIAmedicine.diseaseSurvival AnalysisMinor allele frequencyNeoplasm Recurrence LocalbusinessEnhancer

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A nested case–control study: personal, social and environmental correlates of vigorous physical activity in adolescents with asthma

2014

Objective: Physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits. Children and adolescents with asthma may be limited in their PA, particularly at vigorous intensity due to asthma symptoms or poor psychological adjustment to asthma. We aimed to investigate if self-perceived competence, enjoyment, support from others and social-physical environment were associated with vigorous physical activity (VPA) and secondarily to assess if such associations were modified by asthma and asthma severity. Methods: Data from a nested case–control study at 13 years of age within the birth-cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma Study were compiled from 95 participants with and 79 without asthma. The par…

MaleParentsPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentHealth BehaviorcompetencePhysical activityEnvironmentSeverity of Illness IndexPeer GroupMetabolic equivalentsocial environmentSocial supportSex Factorsimmune system diseasesMetabolic EquivalentmedicineHumansImmunology and AllergyBody Weights and MeasuresChildExerciseCompetence (human resources)Asthmabusiness.industrySocial environmentsocial supportmedicine.diseaseFacultyAsthmaSelf Efficacyrespiratory tract diseasesPeer reviewCase-Control Studiesphychological adjustmentPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthNested case-control studyPhysical therapyFemalehealth benefitsbusinessClinical psychologyJournal of Asthma

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Upregulation of activin-B and follistatin in pulmonary fibrosis: a translational study using human biopsies and a specific inhibitor in mouse fibrosi…

2014

Background: Activins are members of the TGF-ß superfamily of growth factors. First, we identified by expression array screening that activin-B and follistatin are upregulated in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Next, we wanted to clarify their specific role in lung fibrosis formation. Methods: We used specific antibodies for activin-A and -B subunits and follistatin to measure and localize their levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and control lung biopsies. To inhibit activin signaling, we used soluble activin type IIB receptor fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (sActRIIB-Fc) in two different mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. Results: Activin-B and follistatin mRNA levels…

MalePathologyFollistatinPulmonary FibrosisPROTEINCell CountQuadriceps MuscleACTIVATIONIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisMiceBMP-7FibrosisPulmonary fibrosisfollistatinInhibin-beta SubunitsGREMLINImmunity Cellularmedicine.diagnostic_testbiologyactivinsPIRFENIDONEPirfenidonerespiratory systemidiopathic pulmonary fibrosisMouse fibrosis model3. Good healthUp-RegulationActivinsmedicine.anatomical_structureACUTE EXACERBATIONmouse fibrosis modelembryonic structuresGROWTHBronchoalveolar Lavage Fluidhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.drugResearch ArticleSignal TransductionPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineEXPRESSIONmedicine.medical_specialtyendocrine systemRecombinant Fusion ProteinseducationIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisRespiratory MucosaAlveolar cellsINFLAMMATIONmedicineAnimalsHumansRNA MessengerLungbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaserespiratory tract diseasesMice Inbred C57BLPulmonary AlveoliDisease Models AnimalBronchoalveolar lavageProtein Biosynthesis3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinebiology.proteinbusinessFollistatin

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Epidemiological characteristics, practice of ventilation, and clinical outcome in patients at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensiv…

2016

Background Scant information exists about the epidemiological characteristics and outcome of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and how ventilation is managed in these individuals. We aimed to establish the epidemiological characteristics of patients at risk of ARDS, describe ventilation management in this population, and assess outcomes compared with people at no risk of ARDS. Methods PRoVENT (PRactice of VENTilation in critically ill patients without ARDS at onset of ventilation) is an international, multicentre, prospective study undertaken at 119 ICUs in 16 countries worldwide. All patients aged 18 years or older who were rece…

MalePediatricsARDSmedicine.medical_treatmentlaw.inventionPositive-Pressure Respiration0302 clinical medicinelawRisk FactorsPrevalenceventilator–induced lung injuryProspective StudiesHospital MortalityProspective cohort studyTidal volumeeducation.field_of_studyRespiratory Distress SyndromeAcute respiratory distress syndrometidal volumeARDS critically ill ventilationMiddle AgedIntensive care unitIntensive Care UnitsCritical IllneFemaleHumanPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyCritical IllnessPopulationIntensive Care UnitLung injurymechanical ventilationNO03 medical and health sciencesIntensive caremedicineAcute respiratory distress syndrome mechanical ventilation ventilator–induced lung injury tidal volume positive end–expiratory pressureHumansMED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIAeducationAgedMechanical ventilationbusiness.industryRisk FactorRespiratory Distress Syndrome Adult030208 emergency & critical care medicinemedicine.diseaseRespiration ArtificialMechanical ventilation Acute respiratory failure Acute respiratory distress syndromeProspective Studie030228 respiratory systemEmergency medicinepositive end–expiratory pressurebusiness

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Respiratory manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

2016

The respiratory manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) have not been studied in detail.In this retrospective multicentre study, EGPA was defined by asthma, eosinophilia and at least one new onset extra-bronchopulmonary organ manifestation of disease.The study population included 157 patients (mean±sd age 49.4±14.1 years), with a mean±sd blood eosinophil count of 7.4±6.4×109 L−1 at diagnosis. There was a mean±sd of 11.8±18.2 years from the onset of asthma to the diagnosis of EGPA, of 1.4±8.4 years from the first onset of peripheral eosinophilia to the diagnosis of EGPA, and of 7.4±6.4 years from EGPA diagnosis to the final visit. Despite inhaled and oral corti…

MalePediatricsAdministration OralDiseaseChurg-Strauss SyndromeBronchoalveolar LavageSeverity of Illness Index0302 clinical medicineAdrenal Cortex HormonesEosinophilicEosinophiliaAged 80 and overNomenclatureSystemic VasculitisCohortMiddle AgedTerm-follow-upPrognosis3. Good healthRespiratory Function TestsManagementTreatment OutcomeCohortAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodiesPopulation studyFemaleFrancemedicine.symptomGranulomatosis with polyangiitisConsensus conferencePulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentVasculitides[ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/HealthGranulomatosis03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultEosinophiliamedicineHumansAnti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyAsthmaAgedRetrospective Studies030203 arthritis & rheumatology[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Healthbusiness.industryGranulomatosis with Polyangiitisasthmamedicine.diseaseEosinophils030228 respiratory systemImmunologybusinessTomography X-Ray Computed

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How to unveil chronic respiratory diseases in clinical practice? A model of alliance between general practitioners and pulmonologists

2017

Abstract Introduction Asthma and COPD are under-diagnosed and undertreated in adult populations, mainly due to the discrepancy between guideline recommendations and clinicians' practices. One of the reasons of this discrepancy is the difficulty encountered in real life in sharing the management of chronic respiratory diseases between general practitioners (GPs) and respiratory physicians. Methods An explorative, population-based investigation was performed to test whether, and to what extent, an active collaboration between GPs and pulmonologists increases the diagnosis and proper treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases. The "COPD action" involved an in-house intervention by pulmon…

MalePediatricsChronic bronchitisRespiratory Tract DiseasesPilot ProjectsPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicinePharmacology (medical)030212 general & internal medicineCooperative BehaviorRespiratory Tract DiseasePulmonologistseducation.field_of_studyCOPDmedicine.diagnostic_testMiddle AgedBronchitis ChronicPulmonologistsFemaleDiagnosiHumanAdultPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineSpirometrymedicine.medical_specialtyInterprofessional RelationsPopulationInterprofessional RelationReproducibility of ResultSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioGeneral practitioner03 medical and health sciencesGeneral PractitionersmedicineCOPDHumansPilot ProjecteducationPulmonologistAgedAsthmaPrimary Health Carebusiness.industryBiochemistry (medical)Reproducibility of ResultsGuidelineAirway obstructionmedicine.diseaseAsthmaInhaled treatment030228 respiratory systemSpirometryChronic DiseaseEmergency medicinebusinessPulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010

2012

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…

MalePediatricsCross-sectional study95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthmaAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990stemporal trendsSurveys and QuestionnairesEpidemiologySurveys and QuestionnaireMedicineasthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in ItalyYoung adultrespectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%education.field_of_studyAllergic rhinitis; Asthma; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Temporal trends; Wheezing;medicine.diagnostic_testSmokingthe median prevalence of current asthmaallergic rhinitis asthma epidemiology prevalence temporal trends wheezingItalyAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n=10494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010 the median prevalence of current asthma wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6% from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8% respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010 mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs asthma prevalence has increased by 38% in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrssymbolsasthma prevalence has increased by 38%FemaleepidemiologyHumanPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdult494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitismedicine.medical_specialtyRhinitis Allergic PerennialPopulationprevalencethe Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio031)and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medicasymbols.namesakeYoung AdultAllergic rhinitiHumansRespiratory soundsPoisson regressioneducationAsthmaRespiratory SoundsCross-Sectional Studieallergic rhinitisbusiness.industrywheezingwheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%Rhinitis Allergic Seasonalasthmain the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993medicine.disease873)Cross-Sectional Studiesn=10Relative riskTemporal trendRespiratory Soundn=6n=18business

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