Search results for "SAHA"

Do Saharan Dust Days Carry a Risk of Hospitalization From Respiratory Diseases for Citizens of the Canary Islands (Spain)?

2021

Background: Saharan dust meets the Canary Islands at the beginning of its westward path across the North Atlantic, exceeding the European daily levels for PM10; for this reason, their two provincial capital cities, constitute optimal sites where to evaluate the health effects of this natural event. Objectives: To assess the short-term association between Saharan Dust Days (SDDs) and respiratory morbidity in the two capital cities. Methods: We carried out a time-series analysis with daily emergency hospital admissions due to all respiratory system diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma between 2001 and 2005, assessing the independent effect of SDDs, defined accordi…

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC BULK DEPOSITION AT THE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF GELA (SICILY, ITALY)

2014

Bulk deposition has been collected at six sampling sites in area of Gela plain (Italy) in the period from February 2008 to May 2009. Samples collected each two weeks were analysed for the major ion and trace elements content. Preliminary results allow identifying three different sources that control the abundance of the elements in atmospheric deposition: (1) sea spray, (2)geogenic dust, and (3) anthropogenic pollution. Due to the closeness of the coast, clear evidence of sea spray input is detectable for most of the samples. The high excess of non sea-salt sulphate(50 - 90% of the total) is prevailingly ascribable to the abundant SO2 emissions of the refinery.The pH values of the collected…

SAHA/TRAIL combination induces detachment and anoikis of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells

2012

Abstract SAHA, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase activity, has been shown to sensitize tumor cells to apoptosis induced by TRAIL, a member of TNF-family. In this paper we investigated the effect of SAHA/TRAIL combination in two breast cancer cell lines, the ERα−positive MCF-7 and the ERα−negative MDA-MB231. Treatment of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells with SAHA in combination with TRAIL caused detachment of cells followed by anoikis, a form of apoptosis which occurs after cell detachment, while treatment with SAHA or TRAIL alone did not produce these effects. The effects were more evident in MDA-MB231 cells, which were chosen for ascertaining the mechanism of SAHA/TRAIL action. Our results show…

Éducation et développement

1999

Education and development This chapter deals with the relationship between education, economic growth and development. It provides a review of the literature on recent work aimed at explaining economic growth differences worldwide linked with various national educational policies. It questions the grounds for the weak relation observed in Subsaharan Africa. It concludes that in many instances, educational policies are inappropriate and have not led to a sufficient accumulation of human capital. Several educational policy recommendations are subsequently provided for enhancing educational access within existing budgetary constraint.

La povertà rurale in Africa Sub-sahariana: il caso del Dipartimento della Lekie in Camerun

2021

Questo articolo mette in rilievo le caratteristiche della povertà rurale in Africa sub-sahariana in generale, e nel Dipartimento della Lekie in Camerun in particolare. Il suo interesse sta nel fatto che per meglio combattere la povertà, bisogna innanzitutto capire la sua vera natura e le sue particolari caratteristiche sul territorio d’intervento. Questo studio mira dunque a offrire alla comunità scientifica nonché a vari portatori d’interesse un quadro di riferimento per la definizione di politiche economiche efficaci contro la povertà sul territorio del Dipartimento della Lekie. L’indagine svolta sul cosiddetto territorio ha rilevato, tramite un’analisi descrittiva, che le popolazioni del…

Une éducation pour tous de qualité : une analyse statistique sur les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne

2015

Cette étude est la première analyse comparative de la qualité de l'éducation en Afrique subsaharienne basée sur une trentaine de pays. La fusion des deux évaluations existantes en Afrique subsaharienne (SACMEQ et PASEC) permet de disposer d'indicateurs comparables pour vingt-neuf pays. Nous nous proposons d’ajuster ici l’objectif initial de la Scolarisation Primaire Universelle (SPU) à un objectif plus restrictif de Scolarisation Primaire Universelle de Qualité (SPUQ), où la majorité des élèves terminent le cycle primaire en ayant acquis un socle minimum de connaissances et de compétences en lecture et en mathématiques. Il ressort de cette analyse que certains systèmes éducatifs ayant améli…

Developing Lower secondary education: a rural issue and challenge for sub-saharan Africa

2010

The ongoing progresses of coverage of primary education in Sub-Saharan African Countries are inevitably to impact lower secondary education in a significant manner. Beyond the need for all countries to identify a global policy to deal with the problem, it is important to understand that expansion of coverage of lower secondary education will concern rural populations since coverage is generally already relatively high in cities while it is lagging noticeably in rural settings; many schools will need to be built and operate in a near future. A basic characteristic of rural schools is that most of them enroll only a limited number of students and, in current circumstances tend to cost signifi…

Contribution in the 5th Annual ECOSOC AMR E-Discussion on Education: Closing the Gap

2011

En ligne sur www.un.org/en/ecosoc/newfunct/pdf/2011_amr_phase_2_final_digest.pdf; Contribution in the 5th Annual ECOSOC AMR E-Discussion on Education: Closing the Gap; The author focuses on access to education in the countries of sub-saharan africa

2018

Abstract. During the summertime, dust from the Sahara can be efficiently transported westwards within the Saharan air layer (SAL). This can lead to high aerosol loadings being observed above a relatively clean marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. These dust layers can impart significant radiative effects through strong visible and IR light absorption and scattering, and can also have indirect impacts by altering cloud properties. The processing of the dust aerosol can result in changes in both direct and indirect radiative effects, leading to significant uncertainty in climate prediction in this region. During August 2015, measurements of aerosol and cloud properties …

2018

Abstract. Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, affecting the radiation balance, cloud properties, biogeochemical cycles, regional circulation and precipitation, as well as having negative effects on aviation, solar energy generation and human health. Dust size and composition has an impact on all these processes. However, changes in dust size distribution and composition during transport, particularly for coarse particles, are poorly understood and poorly represented in climate models. Here we present new in situ airborne observations of dust in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) and the marine boundary layer (MBL) at the beginning of its transatlantic transport pathway, f…