Search results for "Secondary"

LEADING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO FACE THE DISCIPLINARY, EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-D…

The scientific community has been debating climate change (CC) for over two decades. In the light of certain arguments put forward by the aforesaid community, the EU has recommended a set of innovative reforms to science teaching, such as incorporating environmental issues into the scientific curriculum, thereby helping to make schools a place of civic education. However, despite these European recommendations, relatively little emphasis is still given to climate change within science curricula. The main goal of the research project described in this thesis is to study if, how and why the scientific contents related to CC could be reconstructed so as to integrate the many dimensions involve…

The Impact of Student Diversity in Secondary Schools : An Analysis of the International PISA Data and Implications for the German Education System

2006

While increased heterogeneity in schools (diversity) leads to reduced segregation and greater equity for students from different family backgrounds, it is often expected to have a negative impact on overall performance, and on student well-being and motivation. In this study, neither cross-country comparisons nor student-level analysis confirm this hypothesis. In some countries, students' overall achievement as well as their interest and engagement even appear to be positively influenced by diversity, notably by socio-economic and cultural diversity. In Germany, socio-economic diversity has a positive impact on student achievement, and ability related and cultural diversity positively affec…

Factors determining pedagogic efficiency of secondary: school critical analysis of academic failure in Burkina Faso

2007

The increase in the rate of school counter-performance raises nowadays, the necessity to apprehend the mechanisms from which this failure stems and is cared for. The collected data revealed the content and worrying side of the academic failure at secondary schools level. The econometric tests have allowed identifying the fundamental role of social background and the initial stage through the type of institution as an explanation to the mass failure, the feeble congruency between the different evaluations during the schooling process, as well as the inefficiency of the school organization through the training of the primary school leavers and the management of secondary schools. Finally, sch…

Spinothalamic and thalamocortical nociceptive pathways

2002

The concept that the perception of a stimulus as being painful requires activity in parts of the cerebral cortex has gained universal recognition within the past 10 years. 28 The large number of functional imaging studies in humans, appearing during that period, have greatly contributed to this development by showing consistent evidence for activation of various cortical areas by painful stimuli, including the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, the insula, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and prefrontal cortical areas. Thus, the sense of pain—like all other senses— has a representation within the cerebral cortex. These imaging studies, however, did not reveal the pathways by which a p…

Analisi dei processi di rinaturalizzazione nei vigneti e cappereti abbandonati del paesaggio terrazzato di Pantelleria (Canale di Sicilia)

2004

This study analyses the vegetation dynamics in the terrace landscape of Pantelleria Island (Sicilian Channel). The main questions were to determine the sequence of plant communities in time and to find out which environmental factors influence the course and the speed of succession. In the thermomediterranean part of the island were made vegetation relevés in five different fallow age classes, investigating three different ecological subunits: the terrace surface, the wall base and the wall in North-facing as well as in South-facing vine and caper fallows. The results show that undisturbed abandoned terraces are subject to rapid renaturation: 50 to 80 years old fallows are covered by dense …

Soil carbon dynamics during secondary succession in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment

2018

Clarifying which factors cause an increase or decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) after agricultural abandonment requires integration of data on the temporal dynamics of the plant community and SOC. A chronosequence of abandoned vineyards was studied on a volcanic island (Pantelleria, Italy). Vegetation in the abandoned fields was initially dominated by annual and perennial herbs, then by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, and finally by woody communities. As a consequence, the dominant photosynthetic pathway changed from C3 to C4 and then back to C3. Conversion of a plant community dominated by one photosynthetic pathway to another changes the 13C/12C ratio of inputs to soil organic carbon (S…

Carbon dynamics of soil organic matter in bulk soil and aggregate fraction during secondary succession in a Mediterranean environment.

2013

Clarifying which factors cause an increase or decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) after agricultural abandonment requires integration of data on the temporal dynamics of the plant community and SOC. A chronosequence of abandoned vineyards was studied on a volcanic island (Pantelleria, Italy). Vegetation in the abandoned fields was initially dominated by annual and perennial herbs, then by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, and finally by woody communities. As a consequence, the dominant photosynthetic pathway changed from C3 to C4 and then back to C3. Conversion of a plant community dominated by one photosynthetic pathway to another changes the 13C/12C ratio of inputs to SOC. Using the time si…

Litter contribution to soil organic carbon in the processes of agriculture abandon

2015

The mechanisms of litter decomposition, translocation and stabilization into soil layers are fundamental processes in the functioning of the ecosystem, as they regulate the cycle of soil organic matter (SOM) and CO2 emission into the atmosphere. In this study the contribution of litters of different stages of Mediterranean secondary succession on carbon sequestration was investigated, analyzing the role of earthworms in the translocation of SOM into the soil profile. For this purpose the δ13C difference between meadow C4-C soil and C3-C litter was used in a field experiment. Four undisturbed litters of different stages of succession (45, 70, 100 and 120 since agriculture abandon) were colle…

The effects of land abandonment and long-term afforestation practices on the organic carbon stock and lignin content of Mediterranean humid mountain …

2019

Afforestation is an important strategy that can decrease atmospheric carbon by sequestering carbon in biomass and soil. In Spain, an active afforestation programme was adopted in the 1950s when the soil was severely eroded after widespread abandonment of arable land. The Araguás catchment (Central Spanish Pyrenees) is a good example of this programme because it was afforested with both Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (PN). The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and lignin content (based on the vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl contents) of these afforested soils were examined and compared to those of bare soil, secondary succession and meadow soils. Both the SOC stock and lig…

Transversal training within secondary teachers’ training in the face of current reforms in France

2009

09039; This article aims to define what 'transversal training' represents in secondary teachers' training in France. It attempts at the same time to assess critically the place it holds in the framework of the two years of training that university institutes for teacher training provide for young teachers. Noting the small place occupied by transversal training, this article questions its possible fate within the framework of current reforms.