Search results for "TBR"

Metropolitan wastewater analysis for COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance

2020

The COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a rapidly emerging pandemic which has enforced extreme containment measures worldwide. In the absence of a vaccine or efficient treatment, cost-effective epidemiological surveillance strategies are urgently needed. Here, we have used RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a series of longitudinal metropolitan wastewaters samples collected from February to April 2020, during the earliest stages of the epidemic in the Region of Valencia, Spain. We were able to consistently detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples taken in late February, when communicated cases in that region were only incipient. We also find…

The Rise in Inequality after Pandemics: Can Fiscal Support Play a Mitigating Role?

2021

Abstract Major epidemics of the last two decades (SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola, and Zika) have been followed by increases in inequality [Furceri et al. (2020), COVID Economics, 12, 138–157]. In this article, we show that the extent of fiscal consolidation in the years following the onset of these pandemics has played an important role in determining the extent of the increase in inequality. Episodes marked by extreme austerity—measured using either the government’s fiscal balance, health expenditures, or redistribution—have been associated with an increase in the Gini measure of inequality three times as large as in episodes where fiscal policy has been more supportive. We survey the evidence th…

Green Versus Radical Right as the New Political Divide? The European Parliament Election 2019 in Germany

2020

COVID‐19 and tourism: What can we learn from the past?

2020

Abstract The impact of the COVID‐19 crisis on tourism flows is without precedent in terms of speed and severity. In this paper, we try to infer a possible future scenario for the tourism sector, evaluating the medium‐term effects of past pandemics on tourist arrivals. We find that pandemics lead to a persistent decline in tourist arrivals, with the effects being larger in developing and emerging countries. Interestingly, the effects are heterogeneous across countries and episodes, and depend on several economic conditions such as the overall health system performance, the severity of the shock, and the uncertainty induced by the pandemic event.

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and Their Effects on Health Outcomes

2022

Background Vaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases, fatalities, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results…

Indivīda brīvības atņemšanas tiesiskuma kritēriji Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesas praksē

2016

Konvencijas 5.pants paredz personas tiesības uz brīvību, vienlaikus norādot uz izņēmumiem, kuros personas brīvības atņemšana ir tiesiska. Darba mērķis ir konstatēt Konvencijas 5.panta apakšpunktu patieso tvērumu, kas tieši neizriet no Konvencijas teksta. Darba uzdevums ir analizēt Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesas praksi, izdarot secinājumus par kritērijiem, kas jākonstatē katrā konkrētā situācijā, lai atzītu, ka personas brīvības atņemšana bijusi tiesiska, kā arī definējot tos Konvencijas 5.panta jēdzienus, kuru saturs ir neviennozīmīgs. Darba rezultātā tiek sniegtas atziņas par tiem Konvencijas 5.panta elementiem, kuru satura definēšana Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesas praksē izrādījusies visstrīd…

Eiropas Savienības pievienošanos Eiropas Cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību konvencijai problēmjautājumi

2016

Eiropas Savienības tiesa atzinumā Nr.2/13 noraida Pievienošanās nolīguma projektu, kas tika izstrādāts, lai nodrošinātu veiksmīgu Eiropas Savienības pievienošanos Eiropas Cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību konvencijai. Galvenais Eiropas Savienības iebildums bija, ka nolīguma projekts neievēro Eiropas Savienības tiesību autonomiju un īpašās iezīmes. Šīs negatīvais atzinums radīja rezonansi starp tiesību zinātniekiem un cilvēktiesību aizstāvjiem, vieniem pievienojoties atzinumam, otriem kritizējot to. Pievienošanās nolīguma projekta noraidīšana faktiski apšauba tā nākotni, padarot par grūti izpildāmām turpmākās sarunas attiecībā uz pievienošanās procesu. Darba autores mērķis ir apskatīt un analizē…

Elektroniskā uzraudzība Latvijā un ASV

2016

Latvijā, nosacītas pirmstermiņa atbrīvošanas no soda ietvaros, ir ieviesta elektroniskā uzraudzība. Tādēļ svarīgi pētīt, vai pašreizējais normatīvo aktu regulējums ļauj elektroniskai uzraudzībai savus mērķus izpildīt efektīvi. Bakalaura darba autors šajā darbā pētīja elektroniskās uzraudzības institūta izcelsmi, pašreizējo piemērojumu un iespējamo paplašināšanos Latvijā, balstoties uz Amerikas Savienoto Valstu pieredzi.

Differences in Perceived Occupational Stress by Demographic Characteristics, of European Emergency Medical Services Personnel during the COVID-19 Vir…

2021

Objectives: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought commercial, social, and economic consequences in every country that has experienced substantial SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The complete change in the environment that took place due to the outbreak of the pandemic can lead to stressful situations, especially among healthcare personnel. Material and methods: The research were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 27 March 2020 and the 20 April 2020. The research included 1984 employees of emergency medical systems in seven European countries. An internet-based questionnaire format was adopted for the study (ΩMc-Donald &gt

Real-time PCR detection of Ochroconis lascauxensis involved in the formation of black stains in the Lascaux Cave, France

2012

A real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify Ochroconis lascauxensis in the Lascaux Cave in France. This fungus is the principal causal agent of the black stains threatening the Paleolithic paintings of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The black stains outbreak could not be stopped in spite of using intensive biocide treatments. A sensitive and time-saving protocol is needed for determining the extent of the colonization. Sets of primers that target the ITS and RPB2 regions were designed and evaluated for specificity against O. lascauxensis. Genomic DNA extracted from five species of Ochroconis and 13 other fungal species frequently isolated from ca…