Search results for "Theory"
showing 10 items of 24627 documents
Mitigation and reinforcement in general knowledge expressions
2020
Abstract Speakers often mitigate by downgrading their own role in their utterances, depersonalizing the origin of their utterances and de-focalizing the deictic-personal point of reference (Briz, 1998; Caffi, 2007). Linguistically, this can be accomplished by means of impersonalization, generalization and referencing general knowledge. Interestingly, using expressions that suggest the objective, general or shared status of information can, in some cases, lead to argumentative reinforcement or boosting 1 (Cornillie, 2007a, b; Caffi, 1999; Briz, 2016). Our goal is to examine the relationship between the functions of mitigation and reinforcement in indirect evidential expressions of common kno…
Signs activate their written word translation in deaf adults: An ERP study on cross-modal co-activation in German Sign Language
2020
Since signs and words are perceived and produced in distinct sensory-motor systems, they do not share a phonological basis. Nevertheless, many deaf bilinguals master a spoken language with input merely based on visual cues like mouth representations of spoken words and orthographic representations of written words. Recent findings further suggest that processing of words involves cross-language cross-modal co-activation of signs in deaf and hearing bilinguals. Extending these findings in the present ERP-study, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of fifteen congenitally deaf bilinguals of German Sign Language (DGS) (native L1) and German (early L2) as they saw videos of semantically a…
Example Markers at the Intersection of Grammaticalization and Lexicalization
2020
Givon’s words “today’s morphology is yesterday’s syntax” have been widely used to describe grammaticalization, a process of linguistic change which implies an increase in the grammatical status of ...
Risks in neural machine translation
2020
Abstract The new paradigm of neural machine translation is leading to profound changes in the translation industry. Surprisingly good results have led to high expectations; however, there are substantial risks that have not yet been sufficiently taken into account. Risks exist on three levels: first, what kind of damage can clients and end users incur in safety-critical domains if the NMT result contains errors; second, who is liable for damage caused by the use of NMT; third, what cyber risks can the use of NMT entail, especially when free online engines are used. When establishing sustainable measures to reduce such risks, we also need to consider general principles of human behaviour if …
Of ostriches, pyramids, and Swiss cheese
2018
Abstract Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors, effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical sectors are comparable to damages in safety-cr…
À la recherche du lexique de la gestion hôtelière : de la magdalena de Proust a la WebQuest
2020
This paper describes the creation and design of a series of activities aimed at learning the hotel management lexicon in French within a professional context. The tool used to frame these activities is the WebQuest, based on the principles of socioconstructivism and focused on promoting learning by discovery, among other aims. Accordingly, the action research methodology and after the Webquest implementation with a group of university students taking the French for Specific Purposes subject in a professional context, the study results are presented. Finally, the following conclusions derived from the results obtained allow: (1) to verify the adequacy and effectiveness of the tool created, …
Towards a Science of the Self: Autism, Autobiography, and Animal Behavior in Temple Grandin’sAnimals in Translation
2019
AbstractThis paper argues that Temple Grandin’s work serves as an intervention into the very framework of ‘disability.’Animals in Translationsuggests that the minds of people living with autism are ‘wired differently’; yet, this difference, Grandin makes clear, is by no means always a disadvantage. As a scientist in animal studies and a consultant for animal behavior, Grandin claims that persons on the autism spectrum may be ideally suited for understanding the animal mind. Describing both autism and animal behavior through the discourse of neuroscience, she takes the analogy between persons with autism and animals one step further. Both animals, especially birds, and people on the autism s…
"So you're saying": the interrogation of Jordan Peterson
2021
<p class="p1">In this article, I analyse the infamous Cathy Newman interview with Jordan Peterson on the 16th of January 2018 and subsequent viewer comments on Channel 4's YouTube channel. My first hypothesis is that Newman's frequent attribution of statements to Peterson using the now notorious "so you are saying" gambit (YSG) is what triggered outrage among Peterson's followers, which, in turn, generated media interest. My second hypothesis is that the interview is best understood as a series of Face threats by Newman on Peterson using the YSG. To ascertain if my hypotheses are true, I performed corpus linguistic analyses on the interview and comments to provide objective descriptio…
Towards understanding nonmanuality : A semiotic treatment of signers’ head movements
2019
This article discusses a certain type of nonmanual action, signers’ head movements, from a semiotic perspective. It presents a typology of head movements and their iconic, indexical and symbolic features based on Peircean and post-Peircean semiotics. The paper argues for the view that (i) indexical strategies are very prominent in head movements, (ii) iconic features are most evident in enacting, while non-enacting description is less common, (iii) symbolic types for tokens are infrequent, although some movements—such as nodding and shaking the head—may become more conventional or schematized, and (iv) different types of head movements involve different proportions of iconicity, indexicalit…
Generating incremental type services
2019
In this vision paper, we propose a method for generating fully functional incremental type services from declarations of type rules. Our general strategy is to translate type rules into Datalog, for which efficient incremental solvers are already available. However, many aspects of type rules don't naturally translate to Datalog and need non-trivial translation. We demonstrate that such translation may be feasible by outlining the translation rules needed for a language with typing contexts (name binding) and bidirectional type rules (local type inference). We envision that even rich type systems of DSLs can be incrementalized by translation to Datalog in the future.