Search results for "Unity"
showing 10 items of 3852 documents
Disentangling the effects of methanogen community and environment on peatland greenhouse gas production by a reciprocal transplant experiment
2020
Northern peatlands consist of a mosaic of peatland types that vary spatially and temporally and differ in their methane (CH4) production. Microbial community composition and environment both potentially control the processes that release carbon from anoxic peat either as CH4 or carbon dioxide (CO2), a less potent greenhouse gas than CH4. However, the respective roles of these controls remain unclear, which prevents incorporating microbes in the predictions of peatland CH4 emissions. 2.Here, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out to separate the influences of microbial community and environment in CH4 and anaerobic CO2 production. Peat from an acidic Sphagnum bog and a sedge fen …
The structure of the sporting community: a dialogical proposal
2015
Este artículo se propone mostrar que la filosofía anglo-americana y la continental han de trabajar de forma conjunta dentro del área de la filosofía del deporte. Para ello, analizaré y aplicaré el concepto de la “comunidad comunicativa”, que se encuentra en la ética del discurso de Apel y Habermas, en relación al deporte. Algunos autores han tratado de realizar esta tarea con anterioridad, por ejemplo, Raúl Sebastian Solanes, Robert L. Simon y William J. Morgan. Por lo tanto, analizaré sus propuestas de modo crítico. Al hacerlo, mostraré que hemos de luchar por conseguir una comunidad deportiva más integrativa que la propuesta hasta el día de hoy, con el fin de dar sentido al deporte contem…
Upper Caraş River (Danube watershed) fish populations fragmentation – technical rehabilitation proposal
2017
Abstract We propose a technical solution for fish movement based on the flow of water over a spill threshold. Such barriers are common in the Danube system. The proposed system has a range of operating components which are easily detachable from the spill threshold, are resistant to corrosion and will not harm the fish. In fact, if designed to complement swimming abilities of target fish, it should provide adequate passage for both adults and juveniles. If implemented correctly, the design may offer a solution to help displaced fish recolonize upstream habitats.
Maternal antibody transmission and breeding densities in the Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus
2004
1. The offspring of avian species, especially those of colonial breeders, are exposed to a number of pathogens immediately after birth. The chick's immune system is, at that early stage still immature and inefficient. As a consequence, diseases can have a strong impact on chick survival.2. The ability of mothers to transmit passive immunity in terms of antibodies of their own acquired immunity to their chicks is probably an essential pathway to enhance the chick survival. Since the production of antibodies is costly, females are expected to adjust the transmission of passive immunity to the local disease environment.3. We found that in Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus L.) yolk antibody …
Transgenerational immunity in a bird-ectoparasite system: do maternally transferred antibodies affect parasite fecundity or the offspring's susceptib…
2009
During egg formation, female birds deposit antibodies against parasites and pathogens they were exposed to before egg laying into the yolk. In captive bird species, it has been shown that these maternal immunoglobulins (maternal yolk IgGs) can protect newly hatched offspring against infection. However, direct evidence for such benefits in wild birds is hitherto lacking. We investigated (1) if nestling Great Tits Parus major originating from eggs with naturally high levels of maternal yolk IgG are less susceptible to a common, nest-based ectoparasite, (2) if maternal yolk IgGs influence nestling development and in particular, their own immune defence, and (3) if there is a negative correlati…
Antibody injection in the egg yolk: maternal antibodies affect humoral immune response of the offspring
2010
Summary 1. In vertebrate species, maternal antibodies specific for the pathogens to which mothers have been exposed can be transmitted to offspring before birth. This is assumed to be adaptive as these antibodies can be essential in protecting offspring early in life before their own immune system is fully developed. However, fitness consequences in natural conditions and the long-term effects of these mechanisms have yet to be fully examined. 2. Exploring the ecological and evolutionary implications of such maternal effects requires experimental manipulations to avoid potential confounding maternal effects. In birds, maternal antibodies are transmitted via the egg yolk – a self contained e…
Comparison of modified Bass, Fones and normal tooth brushing technique for the efficacy of plaque control in young adults- A randomized clinical trial
2019
Background To compare the anti plaque efficacy of Modified Bass, Fones and Normal brushing techniques in young adults. Material and methods An investigator blinded randomized controlled trial with parallel design was adopted to compare the anti plaque efficacy of three tooth brushing techniques. The study population consisted of 120 dental students aged between 18 and 30 years. Results At the baseline, the mean plaque scores were 0.74 ± 0.39, 0.77 ± 0.34 and 0.98 ± 0.36 respectively, for Modified Bass, Fones and Normal brushing technique. After 24 hours without any oral hygiene activity, the plaque scores increased to 1.04 ± 0.30, 1.11 ± 0.32 and 1.21 ± 0.40, respectively. After 1 week of u…
Veronico beccabungae-callitrichetum stagnalis (Oberd. 1957) Müller 1962, a plant association new to Poland - Quality of habitat
2011
The paper presents a community of water plants that is new to Poland, <em>Veronico beccabungae-Callitrichetum</em> stagnalis (Oberd. 1957) Müller 1962. This community belongs to the class <em>Potametea</em>. It was discovered in the village of Odrowąż near the town of Krapkowice in Silesia (SW Poland). <em>Veronico beccabungae-Callitrichetum stagnalis</em> in Poland occurs within an irregularly shaped shallow underwater spring, located in the distal part of the Oder River’s flood terrace. This plant community covered 0.2 ha in 2008. <em>Callitriche stagnalis</em> predominated in this community. Species such as <em>Callitriche hamulata<…
"You'll never walk alone" : formation of sense of community through language on the subreddit r/LiverpoolFC
2017
Internetin merkitys arjessa on kasvanut huomattavasti suurelle osalle maapallon ihmisiä viime vuosikymmeninä. Verkossa on lukemattomia sivustoja, joista useaa voisi kutsua internetyhteisöksi. Yksi suosituista sivustoista on reddit, joka koostuu erilaisista yhteisöistä eli aliredditeista. Aliredditit rakentuvat yleensä kiinnostuksenkohteiden tai ajankohtaisten aiheiden ympärille, ja niiden sisällön tuottamisen ja ylläpidon toteuttavat sivuston käyttäjät. Tutkielmani tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten redditin käyttäjät luovat yhteisöllisyyden tunnetta kielellisin keinoin aliredditeissa. Tutkimukseni kohteena on alireddit r/LiverpoolFC, joka on suunnattu Liverpoolin jalkapallojoukkueen faneill…
Sport sponsorship in Finland: the case study of FC JJK Jyväskylä
2013
This paper seeks to analyse sport sponsorship in Finland via using the case study of Football Club JJK Jyväskylä from the Finnish Premier League. The results of a master’s thesis conducted on FC JJK fans’ sponsor awareness and sponsor orientation is presented. This research has provided implications to the management of the club, such as how to increase sponsorship efficiency, how to benefit from applying sponsorship alignment as well as relationship marketing. In order to successfully implement the study, an online survey, interviews, and participant observation was utilised. In addition, statistical data were obtained from the club. It has been concluded that JJK fans’ sponsor awareness …