Search results for "Vegetal Biology"
showing 10 items of 1601 documents
Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against pathogens
2019
Prod 2019-213c BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience
Key Note speaker Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against biotic stresses
2019
Prod 2019-88l BAP GEAPSI INRA DOCT; National audience; Major diseases and pests, such as root rots, ascochyta blights and aphids, are limiting factors to cool season pulse production in many countries worldwide, especially in Europe. In the context of pesticide reduction, plant genetic resistance and architecture are main traits that can be mobilised in breeding for disease and pest management. Knowledge of quantitative resistance to major diseases and pests of pea and faba bean in France has benefited from the development of sequenced genomes and massive SNP markers [1], which have recently been highly valuable to identify candidate genes controlling resistance. Fine mapping and sequencing…
Comité scientifique avis en réponse à la saisine HCB – dossier BE-2011-981. Paris, le 12 novembre 2015
2015
Le Haut Conseil des biotechnologies (HCB) a été saisi le 5 novembre 2015 par les autorités compétentes françaises (le ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt) d’une demande d’avis relative au dossier EFSA-GMO-BE-2011-98 de demande d’autorisation de mise sur le marché du soja génétiquement modifié FG72 pour l’importation, la transformation et l’alimentation humaine et animale. Ce dossier a été déposé conjointement par les sociétés Bayer CropScience AG et M.S. Technologies LLC sur le fondement du règlement (CE) n°1829/2003 auprès des autorités compétentes belges. Par cette saisine, les autorités compétentes françaises consultent le HCB au stade ultime de la préparation…
3D ACQUISITION SYSTEM APPLIED TO AGRONOMIC SCENES
2012
International audience; To improve results in automatic wheat ear counting by proxy-detection for early yield prediction, we need depth information of the scene. In this paper, we describe our 3D acquisition system dedicated to reconstruction of agronomic scenes. This system is composed of a camera mounted on a linear displacement driven by a microcontroller. The linear displacement allows acquiring a set of images in different distances to the scene. This image stack is used to apply shape from focus technique which is a passive and monocular 3D reconstruction method. This technique consists in the application of a focus measure for every pixel in the stack. An approximation method is used…
A database for the herbicide use in France
2013
SPEEAEcolDur; International audience
Analyse spatiale de l’évolution du risque de gel sur la vigne en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
2019
The warming undergone by the global climate does not necessarily entail a decrease in frost risk in agriculture/viticulture. Since both plant and climate are likely to evolve under changing environmental conditions, plant vulnerability and the meteorological phenomenon (frost) should be considered jointly when assessing the evolution of frost risk. This study aims at documenting the spatial and temporal frost risk changes in the winegrowing subregions of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The period between budburst and the last spring frost occurrence date has been considered as the most vulnerable for grapevines. We considered a plant as being stressed by a frost event when the temperature drops be…
Réduction du nombre de molécules herbicides : conséquences par culture. Problématique particulière de la gestion de la flore adventice
2013
All national and European legislations contribute to the present reduction in the available herbicide number. This evolution leads to the decrease in the number of chemical families and to a dramatic reduction of the number of modes of action in some crops or crop rotations. This could lead to the selection of new herbicide resistances. So we may find contrasted situations: crops weeded with only a few herbicides or some herbicides used in almost all crops. The drastic reduction in the available active ingredients without taking into account the benefit-risk ratio or without planning realistic alternative solutions may create tougher agronomic constraints. A data base built up from all the …
Simulateur de pulvérisation localisée d’herbicide
2019
Site-specific spraying is a technological lever to reduce the herbicide amount used in the case of chemical control of weeds. At the present time, detection and control technologies are available to apply herbicide only where weeds are present and thus provide an alternative to homogeneous application of chemicals on the entire surface of the field. In order to assess this practice, a digital simulator has been developed combining virtual infestation maps with different theoretical sprayer configurations. Simulations were used to localize herbicide applications and quantify herbicide reduction based on the spatial distribution of weeds and the width of independent spray units (boom sections…
Diversité génétique et aromatique de la truffe de Bourgogne
2013
Truffles are ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota fungi belonging to the Tuberaceae family and more specifically to the Tuber genus. More than thirty Tuber species are currently described in Europe. In this thesis, we specifically focused on the Tuber aestivum-uncinatum model. This truffle is commonly called "Burgundy Truffle" and has a gastronomic and cultural interest.The first part of this thesis focused on the taxonomic status of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber uncinatum). For this, we used a multi-marker approach combining several genetic markers commonly used at the interspecific scale. Our analyses showed that the two taxa, Tuber aestivum (summer truffle) and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific.In the…
Prévalence de pathogènes humains dans les sols français, effet des facteurs pédoclimatiques, biologiques et du mode d'utilisation des sols
2013
Soil contamination by bacterial pathogens can occur through manure, sewage sludge spreading or irrigation using waste water treatment plants effluents. Agricultural soils may act as reservoirs for these pathogens, play a significant role in their dissemination, leading to the potential contamination of food and water resources. Health risk associated with the occurrence of pathogens in environmental matrices has to be thoroughly evaluated. In this context, the objectives of this work were: i) to determine the prevalence of two pathogenic bacterial species (Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis) in a large collection of French soils originated from a systematic soil survey of the …