Search results for "Vulcano"
showing 10 items of 469 documents
Gas in volcanic lakes: from dissolved gases to lake gas plumes
Monticchio Lakes
2020
The crater lakes are a natural hazard for the population living near them because they can generate liminic explosions, like as the disaster of Nyos lake (Cameroon 1986), in which 1476 people and thousands of animals died. Crater lakes are able to store magmatic and hydrothermal gases and solubilising them into the water. An overpressure of the dissolved gases can generate a limnic eruption. Italy is characterised by an intense volcanic and seismic activity. Evidences of this past volcanism are the numerous crater lakes in Lazio and Campania. The most famous are Bolsena lakes, Vico, Bracciano, Monticchio lakes, Mezzano, Martignano, Albano, Nemi, Averno. The Monticchio lakes (Piccolo Lake (L…
Diffuse soil CO2 degassing from Linosa island
2014
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Environmental impact of volcanic emissions at Nyiragongo (DRC)
2015
The large amount of trace elements emitted from volcanoes has a strong impact on the close surrounding areas. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) belongs to the Virunga volcanic chain and is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa. It is characterized by the presence of an active and permanent lava lake with a persistent degassing activity. During a field trip in October-November 2014, we investigated the impact of the volcanogenic deposition in the surrounding of the crater by using different sampling techniques. Rain-gauges were used to collect atmospheric bulk deposition. Active and passive biomonitoring techniques (moss-bags and leaves of endemic plants – Senecio spp. a…
The precious "scientific heritage" of Mariano Valenza: the unknown history of Ludovico Sicardi and the birth of the modern volcanology
2019
Mariano Valenza was an important scientific figure of the geochemical community and a person characterized by his great intellect, diplomacy and human qualities. Sadly, he passed away in July of 2018, leaving a great void. He left us a precious treasure for all the geochemists involved in volcanology: the story and the memory of Ludovico Sicardi. Indeed, Valenza carefully preserved in his office, for a long time, four boxes containing the scientific material belonged to Ludovico Sicardi. As often happens, a little by chance, the precious material returned to light thirty-five years later, on the 20th of April 2018, and was donated to the Museum of Mineralogy of Palermo. It is nowadays subje…
First in-situ sensing of volcanic gas plume composition at Boiling Lake (Dominica, West Indies)
2012
Dominica, a small Caribbean island between Martinique (to the South) and Guadeloupe (to the North), is, because of the high number of potentially active volcanic centres,one of the most susceptible sites to volcanic risk in the Lesser Antilles arc. Seven major volcanic centres, active during the last 10ka, are considered likely to erupt again, and one of these is the Valley of Desolation volcanic complex. This is an area of 0.5 km2, located in on SW Dominica, where a number of small explosion craters, hot springs,bubbling pools and fumaroles testify for vigorous and persistent hydrothermal activity. Two main phreatic explosions have been documented in historical time (1880 and 1997), and th…
Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island.
2006
Continuous SO2 flux measurements for Vulcano Island, Italy
2012
<p>The La Fossa cone of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy) is a closed conduit volcano. Today, Vulcano Island is characterized by sulfataric activity, with a large fumarolic field that is mainly located in the summit area. A scanning differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument designed by the Optical Sensing Group of Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg, Sweden, was installed in the framework of the European project "Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change", in March 2008. This study presents the first dataset of SO<sub>2</sub> plume fluxes recorded for a closed volcanic system. Between 2008 and 2010, the SO<sub>2</…
Ludovico Sicardi, an unknown pioneer of the Volcanic Geochemical Monitoring
2018
On December of 1977, almost 100 years since its last eruption, intense volcanic activity took place in Vulcano Island (Sicily). The elevated fluxes and the temperature increase of the fumaroles in La Fossa Crater, as well as the variations in their chemical composition, alarmed the scientific community. During that period, in the city of Palermo, Marcello Carapezza along with his colleagues Mariano Valenza and Mario Nuccio, were studying the fumarolic field of Vulcano. After extended bibliographic research, Valenza discovered the studies of Ludovico Sicardi, which were focused on Vulcano, Stromboli, Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei. Considering the fact that Sicardi’s research was performed 60 yea…
Microbial Biofilms Along a Geochemical Gradient at the Shallow-Water Hydrothermal System of Vulcano Island, Mediterranean Sea
2022
Shallow water hydrothermal vents represent highly dynamic environments where strong geochemical gradients can shape microbial communities. Recently, these systems are being widely used for investigating the effects of ocean acidification on biota as vent emissions can release high CO2 concentrations causing local pH reduction. However, other gas species, as well as trace elements and metals, are often released in association with CO2 and can potentially act as confounding factors. In this study, we evaluated the composition, diversity and inferred functional profiles of microbial biofilms in Levante Bay (Vulcano Island, Italy, Mediterranean Sea), a well-studied shallow-water hydrothermal ve…