Search results for "WTO"

showing 10 items of 163 documents

The influence of matrix rheology and vorticity on fabric development of populations of rigid objects during plane strain deformation

2002

Abstract The influence of vorticity and rheology of matrix material on the development of shape-preferred orientation (SPO) of populations of rigid objects was experimentally studied. Experiments in plane strain monoclinic flow were performed to model the fabric development of two populations of rectangular rigid objects with object aspect ratios (Rob) 2 and 3. The density of the rigid object populations was 14% of the total area. Objects were dispersed in a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian, power law matrix material with a power law exponent n of 1.2. The kinematic vorticity number (Wn) of the plane strain monoclinic flow was 1, 0.8 and 0.6 with finite simple shear strain of 4.6, 3.0 and 0.9,…

Simple shearMatrix (mathematics)GeophysicsClassical mechanicsOrientation (geometry)Newtonian fluidGeometryDeformation (engineering)VorticityPower lawGeologyEarth-Surface ProcessesPlane stressTectonophysics
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Statistical correlation of fractional oscillator response by complex spectral moments and state variable expansion

2016

Abstract The statistical characterization of the oscillator response with non-integer order damping under Gaussian noise represents an important challenge in the modern stochastic mechanics. In fact, this kind of problem appears in several issues of different type (wave propagation in viscoelastic media, Brownian motion, fluid dynamics, RLC circuit, etc.). The aim of this paper is to provide a stochastic characterization of the stationary response of linear fractional oscillator forced by normal white noise. In particular, this paper shows a new method to obtain the correlation function by exact complex spectral moments. These complex quantities contain all the information to describe the r…

State variableNon-Newtonian damping Fractional-order state variables Analytical stationary variance Exact complex spectral moments02 engineering and technologyFractional-order state variable01 natural sciencesAnalytical stationary variance010305 fluids & plasmassymbols.namesake0203 mechanical engineering0103 physical sciencesExact complex spectral momentNumerical AnalysiBrownian motionMathematicsNumerical AnalysisMellin transformStochastic processApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisWhite noiseNon-Newtonian dampingMoment (mathematics)Correlation function (statistical mechanics)020303 mechanical engineering & transportsGaussian noiseModeling and Simulationsymbols
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Strongly confined fluids: Diverging time scales and slowing down of equilibration

2016

The Newtonian dynamics of strongly confined fluids exhibits a rich behavior. Its confined and unconfined degrees of freedom decouple for confinement length $L \to 0$. In that case and for a slit geometry the intermediate scattering functions $S_{\mu\nu}(q,t)$ simplify, resulting for $(\mu,\nu) \neq (0,0)$ in a Knudsen-gas like behavior of the confined degrees of freedom, and otherwise in $S_{\parallel}(q,t)$, describing the structural relaxation of the unconfined ones. Taking the coupling into account we prove that the energy fluctuations relax exponentially. For smooth potentials the relaxation times diverge as $L^{-3}$ and $L^{-4}$, respectively, for the confined and unconfined degrees of…

Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)ScatteringDegrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)Pair distribution functionFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCoupling (probability)01 natural sciencesNewtonian dynamicsQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesRelaxation (physics)Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyPair potentialCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsEnergy (signal processing)Mathematics
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Escape Times in Fluctuating Metastable Potential and Acceleration of Diffusion in Periodic Fluctuating Potentials

2004

The problems of escape from metastable state in randomly flipping potential and of diffusion in fast fluctuating periodic potentials are considered. For the overdamped Brownian particle moving in a piecewise linear dichotomously fluctuating metastable potential we obtain the mean first-passage time (MFPT) as a function of the potential parameters, the noise intensity and the mean rate of switchings of the dichotomous noise. We find noise enhanced stability (NES) phenomenon in the system investigated and the parameter region of the fluctuating potential where the effect can be observed. For the diffusion of the overdamped Brownian particle in a fast fluctuating symmetric periodic potential w…

Statistics and ProbabilityStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)FOS: Physical sciencesSawtooth waveCondensed Matter PhysicsNoise (electronics)Fluctuating Metastable PotentialPiecewise linear functionClassical mechanicsMetastabilityPiecewiseEffective diffusion coefficientStatistical physicsDiffusion (business)Brownian motionCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematics
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Trace and density results on regular trees

2019

We give characterizations for the existence of traces for first order Sobolev spaces defined on regular trees.

Trace (linear algebra)Mathematics::Analysis of PDEsBoundary (topology)01 natural sciencesMeasure (mathematics)Potential theorySet (abstract data type)Combinatoricsregular treeMathematics - Metric Geometry0103 physical sciencesEuclidean geometryClassical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)FOS: Mathematics0101 mathematicsMathematicsdensityMathematics::Functional Analysis010102 general mathematicsMetric Geometry (math.MG)Functional Analysis (math.FA)Sobolev spaceMathematics - Functional AnalysisMathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs010307 mathematical physicsTree (set theory)46E35 30L99funktionaalianalyysiAnalysisboundary traceNewtonian space
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Terrorism as a threat to international tourism: world trends

2018

Current world trends in the development of tourism industry are studied in the article. The essence and types of terrorism have been determined; their classification has been provided. The influence of terrorist acts on the development of tourism in different regions has been analyzed. The efforts made by the international community to neutralize this new challenge for the tourism business have been examined.

UNWTOeconomyUnited Nationsinternational tourimstourism infrastructuresecurityterrorismworld tourist regionsArchives of Tourism, Hospitality and Sport Science
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Viscoelastic properties of concentrated dispersions in water of soy lecithin

2003

Abstract Viscoelastic properties of soy lecithin dispersions at 60, 120, 180 and 240 g l−1 in water have been studied as a function of ionic strength (NaCl concentrations in the range 10−5–10−2 mol l−1) and of preparation method (sonication, freezing–unfreezing). Viscosity measurements of sonicated dispersions in a rotatory viscometer show Newtonian and plastic (Bingham) behavior, whereas the frozen–unfrozen dispersions show a spectacular change in their viscoelastic properties, that is, a non-Newtonian behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics and rheopexy. These properties have been related to electrokinetic characteristics of the segregated vesicles in each case. A decrease in ζ-potent…

ViscosityElectrokinetic phenomenaColloid and Surface ChemistryShear thinningChromatographyMaterials scienceChemical engineeringIonic strengthSonicationNewtonian fluidViscometerViscoelasticityColloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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Extensional flow of HDPE/LDPE blends

1982

Elongational viscosity data, obtained through the converging flow analysis by Cogswell, are presented for two types of HDPE/LDPE blends at various compositions and different temperatures. The results relative to the homopolymer parents compare favourably with literature data obtained also with different and more sophisticated techniques. Those relative to blends show peculiar features for the two cases: when the newtonian viscosity of the LDPE is higher all the blends show a behaviour typical of the LDPE with a maximum in η el /η0 enhanced at small percentage of HDPE; when the newtonian viscosity of the LDPE is similar to that of the HDPE there is only a gradual change in the properties.

ViscosityLow-density polyethyleneMaterials sciencePolymer scienceFlow (psychology)Polymer blendNewtonian viscosityHigh-density polyethyleneComposite materialExtensional definition
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''Forward to the past''

2012

Carlini, Alessandro | Actis-Grosso, Rossana | Stucchi, Natale | Pozzo, Thierry; International audience; ''Our daily experience shows that the CNS is a highly efficient machine to predict the effect of actions into the future; are we so efficient also in reconstructing the past of an action? Previous studies demonstrated we are more effective in extrapolating the final position of a stimulus moving according to biological kinematic laws. Here we address the complementary question: are we more effective in extrapolating the starting position (SP) of a motion following a biological velocity profile? We presented a dot moving upward and corresponding to vertical arm movements that were masked i…

Visual perceptionMOTIONComputer scienceMODELSNewton's laws of motionInferenceKinematicsStimulus (physiology)lcsh:RC321-571ONSET''Behavioral NeuroscienceBiological conditioninternal models''MOTOR-PERCEPTUAL INTERACTIONSComputer visionOriginal Research ArticlePOSITIONlcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryDIRECTIONBiological PsychiatryMotor areaMOVEMENTSbusiness.industryMOTOR-PERCEPTUAL INTERACTIONSMotion InferenceVELOCITYmotion inference kinematics internal models visual perceptionPsychiatry and Mental healthNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyNeurologykinematicsONSET[ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/NeuroscienceVisual PerceptionArtificial intelligenceM-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALEbusinessREPRESENTATIONAL MOMENTUMRepresentational momentumNeuroscience
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EC Practice in the WTO: How Wide is the "Scope for Manouvre"?

2004

The EC’s implementation record in the WTO seems to reflect an attitude that, in accordance with the view traditionally maintained by the European Court of Justice from International Fruit to Portugal, finds its cornerstone in the principle of negotiations with a view to achieving mutually satisfactory solutions, even beyond the limits set by the DSU. Following these premises, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact that has been exercised on the EC’s contentious practice by interpretations of the WTO system given by the EC courts, in fine tuning with the stand taken by the EC’s political bodies. After having considered the legal and political reasons behind the case-law of the Co…

WTO European Union dispute settlement legal nature of trade obligationsdispute settlementEuropean Unionlegal nature of trade obligationsWTO
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