Search results for "Weed Control"
showing 10 items of 42 documents
Characterization of trophic links in an agrosystem : weed seed predation by carabid beetles
2012
Agroecology gives evidence of new perspectives in agriculture, and open doors for alternative weed management approaches through different regulation mechanisms. Seed predation is one of them, and the interest is growing to deepen knowledge, relative to this process. This Phd work aims (i) to describe weed seed predation, the dominant carabid predators and the available resource at a local scale in a common crop (winter wheat); (ii) to study predation profiles of main predators, and the pair-wise correlations between the biological components of the system; (iii) to bring new insights regarding potential regulation of weed communities, through seed predation by carabid beetles. Complementar…
Individuazione del periodo critico per il controllo delle infestanti in cece e favino.
2011
Evaluation of cropping systems for management of herbicide-resistant populations of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)
2001
Abstract Simplification of cropping systems often leads to an increase in weed populations which require an intensive use of herbicides to maintain populations at an acceptable level. Due to a heavy reliance on herbicides and a lack of cultural control measures, herbicide-resistant blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) biotypes appeared recently in France. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different cropping systems on a population of herbicide-resistant blackgrass. Two crop rotations, one consisting exclusively of winter crops and another including spring crops, were assessed over a three-year period. Crop rotation was combined with different cultural practices (mo…
Historique de l'utilisation des herbicides en France: premières analyses
2010
A data base on the herbicides used in France since 1961 has been built up from the phytosanitary index annually edited by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA). This data base gives the number of active ingredients, associations and commercial products registered every year and for each crop. We also gathered the modes of action, the way of absorption sites and the species susceptibility. Since 1961, 215 molecules have been registered. The number increased regularly with a maximum of 138 in 2002 and only around 100 remain in 2010. The evolution of the number of modes of action available for weed control in wheat is discussed.
Assessing non-chemical weeding strategies through mechanistic modelling of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) dynamics
2010
; Because of environmental and health safety issues, it is necessary to develop strategies that do not rely on herbicides to manage weeds. Introducing temporary grassland into annual crop rotations and mechanical weeding are the two main features that are frequently used in integrated and organic cropping systems for this purpose. To evaluate the contribution of these two factors in interaction with other cropping system components and environmental conditions, the present study updated an existing biophysical model (i.e. AlomySys) that quantifies the effects of cropping system on weed dynamics. Based on previous experiments, new sub-models were built to describe the effects on plant survi…
Aerial multispectral imagery for site specific weed management
2017
AGROSUPSPEEAGESTADCT1DOCT; In an agroecological context (French Law on the Future of Agriculture), the reduction of herbicide uses become a crucial issue. It requires developing new technologies allowing a better knowledge of the field. The company AIRINOV, specialized in use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dedicated to precision agriculture wants to explore a new approach by UAV to localize weed infestation areas. This work aims to develop a method analyzing images acquired by UAV to detect and map weeds in a field. The study is carried out on crops widely grown in France and requiring weed control at a young state of the plant : maize, sunflower and sugar beet. With its on-board sensors …
Effects of seed and carabid densities on the weed seed predation service
2017
National audience; Farming relies heavily on pesticides in order to maintain/increase crop production, yet, awareness of the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on biodiversity has triggered the search for alternative, non-chemical, pest management strategies. In arable systems, weeds remain one of the most challenging management issue. Recent research suggest that the depletion of weed seeds by naturally occurring seed consumers could impact the dynamics of problematic weeds and in temperate systems, carabid beetles are the main invertebrate consumers of weed seeds. However, predicting weed seed depletion rates in field conditions remains difficult, as carabid trophic resp…
Quantification of the contribution of weed seed predators to crop yield
2023
30 book of abstracts; International audience
Robotics for weed control: I-Weed Robot for a specific spraying
2012
International audience; To preserve environment for a sustainable agriculture, we explore the development of a new autonomous robot, called I-Weed Robot (Intelligent Weed Robot), which aims at reducing herbicides in crop fields (maize, sunflower...). Using a high precision positioning signal (RTK) to locate the robot in the field, a Kaman filter and a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) allow adjusting the orientation of the robot depending on a predefined trajectory. As for the spraying system, a camera in front of the mobile platform detects weed plants thanks to an image processing based on a crop/weed discrimination algorithm (Hough Transform). At the back a spr…
New Decision-making Tools for sustainable Weed Control
2021
En 2017, le Conseil fédéral suisse a adopté le pland’action visant à la réduction des risques et à l’utilisation durable des produits phytosanitaires. L’une desmesures de ce plan est «la renonciation complète oupartielle aux herbicides». Or, celle-ci n’est réalisablequ’au travers d’une stratégie de gestion globale desadventices, à l’échelle de la culture et de la rotation. Eneffet, les adventices sont nuisibles pour la culture enplace l’année en cours, mais aussi de manière pluriannuelle par le biais de leur stock semencier. La mise enœuvre de mesures préventives et curatives basées surles principes de la protection intégrée nécessite denouveaux outils d’aide à la décision. Des indicateursd…