Search results for "antibiotic resistance"
showing 10 items of 243 documents
Cinnamaldehyde Induces Expression of Efflux Pumps and Multidrug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2019
Essential oils or their components are increasingly used to fight bacterial infections. Cinnamaldehyde (CNA), the main constituent of cinnamon bark oil, has demonstrated interesting properties in vitro against various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms and possible therapeutic consequences of P. aeruginosa adaptation to CNA. Exposure of P. aeruginosa PA14 to subinhibitory concentrations of CNA caused a strong albeit transient increase in the expression of operons that encode the efflux systems MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY/OprM. This multipump activation enhanced from 2- to 8-fold the resistance (MIC) of PA14 to …
Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties
2019
[EN] Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial …
Differential Effects of Antibiotic Therapy on the Structure and Function of Human Gut Microbiota
2013
The human intestinal microbiota performs many essential functions for the host. Antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics (AB), are also known to disturb microbial community equilibrium, thereby having an impact on human physiology. While an increasing number of studies investigate the effects of AB usage on changes in human gut microbiota biodiversity, its functional effects are still poorly understood. We performed a follow-up study to explore the effect of ABs with different modes of action on human gut microbiota composition and function. Four individuals were treated with different antibiotics and samples were taken before, during and after the AB course for all of them. Changes in the…
Multiple Resistance to Betalactam Antibiotics, Azithromycin or Moxifloxacin in Implant Associated Bacteria
2013
Background Antibiotics are more and more frequently prescribed in dentistry for prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Bacterial resistance to these agents is clearly increasing, including even previously susceptible micro-organisms and true pathogens. The aim of the present investigation was to examine resistant bacterial strains with respect to possible multiple antibiotic resistance. Methods In a previous investigation, implant-associated bacteria were tested first as mixed cultures and again as pure isolates (n = 138) for resistance to one of five antibiotics (ampicillin/AM, ampicillin + sulbactam/AB, azithromycin/AZ, penicillin/PG, moxifloxacin/MX) using the Etest. The resistance o…
Aspects of excessive antibiotic consumption and environmental influences correlated with the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial agents
2021
International audience; This article explores the correlation between specific aspects of antibiotic usage, their resistance development, and environmental factors. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics led to environment contamination, selection and spreading of antibiotic-resistant organisms, and alteration of the microbial ecosystems balance. Sociobehavioural environmental factors and changes in the natural environment are major contributors to resistance development. Resistant bacteria strains' isolation in food, water, soil etc. demonstrates the environmental influence on the strains through antibiotics accumulation in the environment. It is difficult to assess the impact of antibiotic…
Moxifloxacin versus Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone in the management of odontogenic maxillofacial infectious processes: a preliminary, intrahospital, contro…
2015
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the days of hospitalization length between patients treated with Moxifloxacin with that of patients treated with a Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone combination and additionally, to isolate and identify the oral pathogens involved in orofacial odontogenic infections. Material and Methods: A pilot-controlled-clinical-trial was carried out on hospitalized patients with cervicofacial odontogenic abscesses or cellulitis, who were randomly asigned to two study groups: 1) patients who received Moxifloxacin, and 2) patients receiving Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone combination. Infiltrate samples were collected through transdermic or transmucosal punction and later c…
Knowledge Discovery from Microbiology Data: Many-Sided Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Nosocomial Infections
2005
Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AR) are highly important problems that impact the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients as well as their cost of care. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate our analysis of AR by applying a number of various data mining (DM) techniques to real hospital data. The data for the analysis includes instances of sensitivity of nosocomial infections to antibiotics collected in a hospital over three years 2002-2004. The results of our study show that DM makes it easy for experts to inspect patterns that might otherwise be missed by usual (manual) infection control. However, the clinical relevance and utility of these findings await th…
Management of Intra-abdominal Infections due to Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms.
2014
The prevalence of bacterial resistance to carbapenem antibiotics continues to increase because of bacteria producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), called carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Enterobacteriaceae, which can be a common cause of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), have become carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Updated international guidelines for the treatment of both IAIs and IAIs due to CRE have been published. Given the multifaceted nature of these infections, these recommendations have been jointly reviewed and endorsed by the Surgical Society and the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease. The aims of this review are to summarize the genera…
Antibiotic resistance among Shigella serogroups isolated in Tehran, Iran (2002-2004)
2009
Shigellosis, one of the most common bacterial diarrhoeal diseases, is endemic throughout the world. It is one of the major causes of morbidity in children with diarrhoea in Iran [1-4]. Antibiotic therapy is useful and effective for shigellosis. Treatment is critical for persons with severe disease, particularly children and immunosuppressed patients. Use of an appropriate antibiotic therapy can shorten the duration of symptoms, significantly reduce the risk of transmission, and also prevent potentially lethal complications [5-7]. However, high frequencies of resistance in
Healthcare associated pathogens in a changing world
2014
In developed countries about 10% of the hospitalizations are complicated by a healthcare-associated infection [1]. Up to 75% of these infections are due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) [1]. Antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections are associated to higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs than those caused by susceptible organisms [1]. The findings of the point prevalence survey in European acute care hospitals published in 2013 by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) show large variations between countries and between different regions of the same country, with Italy being allocated within the high-endemic areas for both MRSA and MDROs [2]. Des…