Search results for "aura"
showing 10 items of 576 documents
Visual cortex hyperexcitability in migraine in response to sound-induced flash illusions
2015
Objective: Sound-induced flash illusions depend on visual cortical excitability. In this study, we explored whether sound-induced flash illusions are perceived differently in migraine, a condition associated with pathologic cortical hyperexcitability. Methods: Sound-induced flash illusions were examined in 59 migraine patients (mean age = 32 ± 16 years; 36 females), 32 without aura and 27 with aura, and in 24 healthy controls (mean age = 42 ± 17 years; 16 females). Patients were studied during attacks and interictally. Visual stimuli (flashes) accompanied by sounds (beeps) were presented in different combinations: a single flash with multiple beeps was given to induce the perception of mult…
Visuospatial learning is fostered in migraine: evidence by a neuropsychological study
2018
Cognitive profile in migraine patients still remains undefined. Contradictory evidence has been provided, with impairments in different cognitive domains, normal cognition, or even better performance compared to healthy controls (HC). The latter is of particular interest considering the evidence of glutamatergic upregulation in migraine, particularly in the visual cortex, and the role of the glutamatergic system in synaptic plasticity and learning. The aim of our study is to compare cognitive performance for visuospatial memory and learning (supraspan modality) between migraineurs without aura (MwoA) and HC. Twenty-one subjects suffering from MwoA and 21 HC were enrolled. Migraineurs during…
Migraine headaches in adolescents: a five-year follow-up study
2002
Background and Objectives.—Longitudinal studies of juvenile migraine are very few. We investigated the prevalence and evolution over 5 years of migraine without aura (MWOA) and migraineous disorder (MD) in an adolescent population. Methods.—Sixty-four subjects (34 girls and 30 boys, mean age 17.3±1.1 years) out of 80 selected in our 1989 epidemiological survey were included in the study. The diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society were used in both studies. Results.—Thirty-two of 64 subjects (50%) had MWAO, 18 (28.1%) had MD, and 14 (21.9%) had headache not classifiable (HnC). Our results show that MWOA persisted in 56.2%, converted to MD or HnC in 9.4% and 3.1% of cases, …
Interictal Executive Dysfunction in Migraineurs Without Aura: Relationship With Duration and Intensity of Attacks
2007
Subjects with migraine are at increased risk of subcortical white matter lesions (WML). Reports of cognitive testing in adults with migraine have yielded inconsistent results. We performed a cross-sectional study to assess whether migraine without aura (MwA) is associated with impairment in executive functioning, a typical cognitive correlate of subcortical WML. Forty-five subjects with MwA and 90 controls, matched for age and education, underwent a cognitive battery of tests evaluating executive functions. The following migraine characteristics were collected: age at onset and length of migraine history, and frequency, duration and intensity of attacks. Subjects with MwA performed signifi…
Headache, anxiety and depressive disorders: the HADAS study.
2010
The objective of this paper was to assess prevalence and characteristics of anxiety and depression in migraine without aura and tension-type headache, either isolated or in combination. Although the association between headache and psychiatric disorders is undisputed, patients with migraine and/or tension-type headache have been frequently investigated in different settings and using different tests, which prevents meaningful comparisons. Psychiatric comorbidity was tested through structured interview and the MINI inventory in 158 adults with migraine without aura and in 216 persons with tension-type headache or migraine plus tension-type headache. 49 patients reported psychiatric disorders…
The PACE study: Past-year prevalence of migraine in Parma's adult general population
2012
Background: In the literature there are few data about the prevalence of primary headaches, including migraine, in the Italian general population. The PACE study (PArma CEfalea, or ‘Headache in Parma’) is an observational study aimed at detecting the prevalence and clinical features of primary headaches in the city of Parma’s adult general population. Materials and methods: A total of 904 subjects representative of Parma’s adult general population were interviewed face-to-face by a physician from the Parma Headache Centre. They were given a specially designed and validated questionnaire for the diagnosis of primary headaches according to the ICHD-II criteria. Results: Past-year adjusted pr…
Migraine mediates the influence of C677T MTHFR genotypes on ischemic stroke risk with a stroke-subtype effect.
2007
Background and Purpose— The objective was to investigate the role of C677T MTHFR polymorphism in migraine pathogenesis and in the migraine–ischemic stroke pathway. Methods— A first genotype–migraine association study was conducted on 100 patients with migraine with aura (MA), 106 with migraine without aura (MO), and 105 subjects without migraine, which provided evidence in favor of association of the TT677 MTHFR genotype with increased risk of MA compared with both control subjects (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.11 to 5.58) and patients with MO (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 4.82). Based on these findings, mediational models of the genotype–migraine–stroke pathway were fitted on a group of 106 patients …
Facilitatory effects of 1 Hz rTMS in motor cortex of patients affected by migraine with aura
2004
We previously showed paradoxical facilitatory effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on striate and extrastriate cortex of patients suffering migraine with aura. In this study we evaluated the effects of 1 Hz rTMS on the excitability of inhibitory and facilitatory circuits of motor cortex to explore whether the abnormal pattern of excitability extends beyond the sensory cortex also involving motor areas in migraine with aura. Nine patients affected by migraine with aura and eight healthy controls entered into the study. The hot spot for activation of the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) was checked by means of a figure-of-eight coil and motor thresh…
1 Hz rTMS enhances extrastriate cortex activity in migraine
2003
We recently reported a paradoxical facilitatory effect of 1 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) on the primary visual cortex in migraine possibly due to the failure of inhibitory circuits, unable to be upregulated by low frequency rTMS. To investigate if inhibitory circuit dysfunction extends beyond striate cortex in migraine with aura, we studied the effects of 1 Hz rTMS over the right extrastriate cortex on perception of illusory contours in these patients. Low-frequency rTMS enhanced activity of extrastriate cortex in migraineurs, speeding up reaction times on illusory contour perception. This finding supports the view of a failure of inhibitory circuits also involving the extrastriate cortex in mi…
The IHS classification criteria for migraine headaches in adolescents need minor modifications
1996
The operational and diagnostic criteria for migraine and all other headache disorders released in 1988 by the International Headache Society are universally considered reliable and exhaustive. These criteria, however, cannot be considered as satisfactory for population-based studies on migraine prevalence, especially if adolescents are the subjects of the study. Using these diagnostic criteria, we conducted an epidemiological study in order to assess the prevalence of migraine headache in a student population aged 11 to 14 years. Our survey made it possible to code IHS 1.1 (migraine without aura) in 2.35%, IHS 1.2 (migraine with aura) in 0.62%, IHS 1.7 (migrainous disorders not fulfilling m…