Search results for "big five"

Social Entrepreneurship: Where to Go Next?

2021

This chapter summarizes the main conclusions of the micro perspective section. It revises the foundations of the social entrepreneurs and outlines a path for future avenues of social entrepreneurship. However, although the unit of analysis is the individual, this does not mean that it is an individual phenomenon. In fact, it can be considered as a widespread collective phenomenon, that is, the small initiative of a social entrepreneur at a local level can also be successfully replicated in other places around the globe. The social entrepreneur becomes himself through the influences and motivations of the environment, added to his innate and unique characteristics, these intrinsic motivation…

Neurobiological and Clinical Variables Associated with Alcohol Abuse in Bulimia Nervosa

2015

The study was aimed at analysing the reciprocal relationships of several clinical and neurobiological items in order to predict alcohol misuse in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Seventy BN patients and 70 healthy controls were assessed for depression, impulsivity, borderline personality traits and self-defeating behaviours using specific scales; serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary excretion of serotonin and 5-hydroxiindolacetic acid were also assessed. The study confirmed the implications of these clinical factors for alcohol misuse in BN patients, but the results suggested that depressive symptoms and hypercortisolism could lie behind these relationships.

Mafia and psychopathy

2014

Background In popular culture, Mafia members are often portrayed as ruthless, callous and remorseless, but there is no empirical research on their personality traits. Aims The goal of this research was to examine levels of psychopathic traits among Mafia members who have been convicted of a criminal offence. Methods The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) rated 30 Italian adult male prisoners who had been convicted for Mafia-related crimes (86% resident in one 6-month period) and 39 next adjacent convicted men who were not enrolled in any criminal organisation. Results Mafia members obtained lower PCL-R total scores, interpersonal and affective (PCL-R factor 1) scores and lifestyle scores…

2018

Objective: Acromegalic patients display a distinct neuropsychological profile and suffer from chronic physical complaints. We aimed to investigate in more detail these aspects in acromegalic patients, dependent on influencing factors like disease activity, age, sex, chronic medication, surgery, pituitary radiation, pituitary insufficiency and comorbidities. Design: Cross sectional, multicentric. Methods: 129 patients (M/W 65/64, 58.3 ± 12.7 years, 53/76 with active/controlled disease). Acromegalic patients completed the following inventories: NEO-FFI, IIP-D, and the Giessen Complaints List (GBB-24), after written informed consent. Age, sex, IGF-1 concentrations, comorbidities, treatment mod…

Stress, anxiety and depression in heart disease patients: A major challenge for cardiac rehabilitation

2016

International audience; Cardiovascular events and emotional disorders share a common epidemiology, thus suggesting fundamental pathways linking these different diseases. Growing evidence in the literature highlights the influence of psychological determinants in somatic diseases. A patient's socio-economic aspects, personality traits, health behavior and even biological pathways may contribute to the course of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac events often occur suddenly and the episode can be traumatic for people not prepared for such an event. In this review of the literature, the authors tackle the question of psychobiological mechanisms of stress, in a pathophysiological approach to funda…

Tu1320 Personality Traits, Defense Mechanisms and Perception of Quality of Life (QOL) in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Matched C…

2012

Factors Associated With Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicountry Online Study.

2021

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of individuals. However, the susceptibility of individuals to be impacted by the pandemic is variable, suggesting potential influences of specific factors related to participants’ demographics, attitudes, and practices. Objective We aimed to identify the factors associated with psychological symptoms related to the effects of the first wave of the pandemic in a multicountry cohort of internet users. Methods This study anonymously screened 13,332 internet users worldwide for acute psychological symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic from March 29 to April 14, 2020, during the fi…

Advances in Alcoholism Research in Germany

2005

This article presents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2004 International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism meeting in Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany, put together by the German Society of Addiction Therapy and Research (DG-Sucht e.V.). The aim was to give an overview on recent findings from animal to human studies that were conducted by several research groups engaged in the alcoholism field in Germany for longer periods. Results of his animal studies were presented by J. Wolfgramm; G. Buchringer reported on epidemiologic and psychotherapeutic research advances on alcohol-related disorders in Germany. L. G. Schmidt summarized results of novel diagnostic and therapeutic appro…

Relationship of subjective helplessness and pain perception after electric skin stimuli

2000

Objective and subjective controllability of painful stimuli are important factors in pain perception. The present study investigated direct and indirect effects of uncontrollability on perceived pain intensity in humans. Forty-eight healthy male volunteers participated in a laboratory experiment using a reaction time paradigm to induce controllable or uncontrollable feedback conditions in two randomly selected groups. Under controllable conditions, unpleasant electric skin shocks were applied, only when the actual time exceeded an individual threshold; under uncontrollable conditions, skin shocks were applied randomly using a yoked control design. Subjective helplessness, perceived pain int…

Who enjoys listening to sad music and why?

2011

although people generally avoid negative emotional experiences in general, they often enjoy sadness portrayed in music and other arts. The present study investigated what kinds of subjective emotional experiences are induced in listeners by sad music, and whether the tendency to enjoy sad music is associated with particular personality traits. One hundred forty-eight participants listened to 16 music excerpts and rated their emotional responses. As expected, sadness was the most salient emotion experienced in response to sad excerpts. However, other more positive and complex emotions such as nostalgia, peacefulness, and wonder were also evident. Furthermore, two personality traits – Opennes…