Search results for "birth"

Genome-Wide Expression Profiles in Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Neonatal Sepsis

2014

BACKGROUND: Bacterial sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. However, diagnosis of sepsis and identification of the causative agent remains challenging. Our aim was to determine genome-wide expression profiles of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bacterial sepsis and assess differences. METHODS: This was a prospective observational double-cohort study conducted in VLBW (<1500 g) infants with culture-positive bacterial sepsis and non-septic matched controls. Blood samples were collected as soon as clinical signs of sepsis were identified and before antibiotics were initiated. Total RNA was processed for genome-wide expression an…

Physical heaviness of work and sitting at work as predictors of mortality : a 26-year follow-up of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

2019

ObjectivesTo examine the relationships of late-career physical heaviness of work and sitting at work with mortality. A national-level job exposure matrix was used to determine the occupation-specific level of physical heaviness and sitting.DesignProspective cohort study between years 1990 and 2015.SettingCommunity.Participants5210 men and 4725 women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study with an occupational code at baseline (ages 45–57 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTotal, cardiovascular (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision I00–I99), cancer (C00–C97) and external (S00–Y84) mortality.ResultsThe exposures, physical heaviness and sitting had a non-linear, invers…

Cohort Differences in Maximal Physical Performance: A Comparison of 75- and 80-Year-Old Men and Women Born 28 Years Apart

2020

Abstract Background Whether increased life expectancy is accompanied by increased functional capacity in older people at specific ages is unclear. We compared similar validated measures of maximal physical performance in 2 population-based older cohorts born and assessed 28 years apart. Method Participants in the first cohort were born in 1910 and 1914 and were assessed at age 75 and 80 years, respectively (N = 500, participation rate 77%). Participants in the second cohort were born in 1938 or 1939 and 1942 or 1943 and were assessed at age 75 and 80 years, respectively (N = 726, participation rate 40%). Participants were recruited using a population register and all community-dwelling pers…

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a…

2020

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian…

Pregnancy and periodontal disease: does exist a two-way relationship?

2017

Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. PD affects 65 million adults over the age of 30 years in the USA, and worldwide 5 to 70% of adults. Women who develop PD during pregnancy, it’s estimated 1 woman in 5, may have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PD during pregnancy starts by dental plaque and is increased by the action of pregnancy hormones. In order to study the effect of PD on adverse pregnancy outcomes, we have performed this narrative review summarising the current studies about the influence of PD on pregnancy. Periodontal pockets are a reservoir of oral microbiota. Modifications in oral microbiota may be considered as …

2022

This study quantifies the causal effect of birth weight on cardiovascular biomarkers in adulthood using the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS). We apply a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) method that provides a novel approach to improve inference in causal analysis based on a mediation framework. The results show that birth weight is linked to triglyceride levels (β = -0.294; 95% CI [-0.591, 0.003]) but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (β = 0.007; 95% CI [-0.168, 0.183]). The total effect of birth weight on triglyceride levels is partly offset by a mediation pathway linking birth weight to adult BMI (β = 0.111; 95% CI [-0.013, 0.234]). The nega…

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and the risk of congenital heart diseases: a literature review

2014

Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) are the most commonand serious developmental anomaly and the leading non-infectious cause of mortality in the first year of life. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment, understanding of the developmental causes and aetiologies of CHDs has been limited. The hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the proved risk factors related to the occurrence of CHDs. The connection between cardiac defects, folate and hyperhomocysteinemia could be explained by a mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Indeed, the C677T MTHFR mutation produces a thermolabile variant of MTHFR with reduced enzymatic action resulting in higher plasma levels of homocy…

Endometrial microbiota composition is associated with reproductive outcome in infertile patients

2022

Abstract Background Previous evidence indicates associations between the female reproductive tract microbiome composition and reproductive outcome in infertile patients undergoing assisted reproduction. We aimed to determine whether the endometrial microbiota composition is associated with reproductive outcomes of live birth, biochemical pregnancy, clinical miscarriage or no pregnancy. Methods Here, we present a multicentre prospective observational study using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyse endometrial fluid and biopsy samples before embryo transfer in a cohort of 342 infertile patients asymptomatic for infection undergoing assisted reproductive treatments. Results A dysbiotic endomet…

Is it possible to predict late antepartum stillbirth by means of cerebroplacental ratio and maternal characteristics?

2019

Objective: To examine the potential value of fetal ultrasound and maternal characteristics in the prediction of antepartum stillbirth after 32 weeks’ gestation. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study in Spain. In 29 pregnancies, umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA PI), middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), estimated fetal weight (EFW), and maternal characteristics were recorded within 15 days prior to a stillbirth. The values of UA PI, MCA PI, and CPR were converted into multiples of the normal median (MoM) for gestational age and the EFW was expressed as percentile according to a Spanish reference range for gestational age. Data fr…

Miguel Almereyda and Jean Vigo, birth of the anarchist critique of cinema

2013

International audience