Search results for "cardiovascular."
showing 10 items of 8644 documents
DHEA, DHEAS and PCOS.
2014
Approximately 20-30% of PCOS women demonstrate excess adrenal precursor androgen (APA) production, primarily using DHEAS as a marker of APA in general and more specifically DHEA, synthesis. The role of APA excess in determining or causing PCOS is unclear, although observations in patients with inherited APA excess (e.g., patients with 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital classic or non-classic adrenal hyperplasia) demonstrate that APA excess can result in a PCOS-like phenotype. Inherited defects of the enzymes responsible for steroid biosynthesis, or defects in cortisol metabolism, account for only a very small fraction of women suffering from hyperandrogenism or APA excess. Rather, women wi…
Resistin: An Inflammatory Cytokine. Role in Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
2014
Resistin is an adipocyte- and monocyte-derived cytokine which has been implicated in the modulation of insulin action, energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Resistin has been associated with insulin resistance and many of its known complications. As a molecular link between metabolic signals, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, resistin can be proposed as playing a significant role in the heightened inflammatory state induced by metabolic stress linked to excessive caloric intake, thus contributing to the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this review, we highlighted the role of resistin, as an inflammatory cytokine, in the…
Disturbed Glucose Metabolism and Left Ventricular Geometry in the General Population
2021
Background: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical outcome of left ventricular (LV) geometry in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the impact of glucose metabolism on the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: 15,010 subjects (35–74 years) of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study were categorized into euglycemia, prediabetes, and T2DM according to clinical and metabolic (HbA1c) information. Clinical outcome was assessed via structured follow-up. Results: The study comprised 12,121 individuals with euglycemia (81.6%), 1415 with prediabetes (9.5%), and 1316 with T2DM (8.9%). Prevalence of LVH increased from euglycemia (10.2%) ove…
Increased Connexin 43 Expression as a Potential Mediator of the Neuroprotective Activity of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
2009
CRH is a major central stress mediator, but also a potent neuroprotective effector. The mechanisms by which CRH mediates its neuroprotective actions are largely unknown. Here, we describe that the gap junction molecule connexin43 (Cx43) mediates neuroprotective effects of CRH toward experimentally induced oxidative stress. An enhanced gap junction communication has been reported to contribute to neuroprotection after neurotoxic insults. We show that CRH treatment up-regulates Cx43 expression and gap junctional communication in a CRH receptor-dependent manner in IMR32 neuroblastoma cells, primary astrocytes, and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. MAPKs and protein kinase A-cAMP response…
Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion during development of the rat supraoptic nucleus
2009
Since a relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and oxytocin was recently demonstrated in the heart (Gutkowska et al., 1997), the aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship between the two peptides is present also in the rat hypothalamus. For this purpose, we measured ANP-ontogeny in the rat hypothalamus immunohistochemically and compared it with oxytocin-ontogeny which we previously studied. The results showed that the ANP-peptide and mRNA-ANP start at the 18th day of the fetal life. Our earlier data for oxytocin in the rat hypothalamus showed that only mRNA-oxytocin appeared the 18th day of foetal life (Farina Lipari et al., 2001); thus, at the 18th day of foetal li…
No Effects of Acute Psychosocial Stress on Working Memory in Older People With Type 2 Diabetes
2021
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been considered a public health threat due to its growing prevalence, particularly in the older population. It is important to know the effects of psychosocial stress and its potential consequences for some basic cognitive processes that are important in daily life. Currently, there is very little information about how people with T2D face acute psychosocial stressors, and even less about how their response affects working memory (WM), which is essential for their functionality and independence. Our aim was to characterize the response to an acute laboratory psychosocial stressor and its effects on WM in older people with T2D. Fifty participants with T2D from 52 to…
Endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase activity is essential for myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling
2015
Cardiac hypertrophy accompanies many forms of heart disease, including ischemic disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease, and it is a strong predictor of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Deletion of bone marrow kinase in chromosome X (Bmx), an arterial nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in mice. This finding raised the possibility of therapeutic use of Bmx tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which we have addressed here by analyzing cardiac hypertrophy in gene-targeted mice deficient in Bmx tyrosine kinase activity. We found that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly reduced in mice deficient i…
Myogenic effects enhance norepinephrine constriction: Inhibition by nitric oxide and felodipine
1998
Myogenic effects enhance norepinephrine constriction: Inhibition by nitric oxide and felodipine. Myogenic, pressure-induced vasoconstriction may amplify the effects of circulating vasoconstrictors. Through intravital microscopy in cremaster arterioles (31 to 115 μm diameter), the relative contribution of myogenic responses (MR) to norepinephrine (NE)-induced constriction and the inhibitor potency of nitric oxide (NO) or a Ca2+ entry blocker (CEB), felodipine (F), were examined. In 24 anesthetized hamsters, a vessel occluder was placed around the aorta to control cremaster vessel inflow pressure (IP). NE infusion increased blood pressure (by 50 ± 2mm Hg) and induced significant constriction …
Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins with the use of Aspirex®S device in a paediatric patient
2017
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, which is the most severe clinical presentation of deep venous thrombosis and results from an almost complete occlusion of the major and collateral venous outflow routes from the extremity, is very rarely seen in children. Here we describe the treatment of an 11-year-old boy with Down syndrome who presented with thrombotic occlusion of the inferior vena cava and both iliac veins. We present a step-by-step technique of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy of these veins with the use of the Aspirex®S thrombectomy device. Endovascular treatment was followed by local intravenous thrombolysis. Because of recurrent thrombosis, which occurred 4 days later, endovascular th…
Clot Composition Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool to Gain Insight into Ischemic Stroke Etiology: A Systematic Review
2021
Mechanical thrombectomy renders the occluding clot available for analysis. Insights into thrombus composition could help establish the stroke cause. We aimed to investigate the value of clot composition analysis as a complementary diagnostic tool in determining the etiology of large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic strokes (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] registration # CRD42020199436). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we ran searches on Medline (using the PubMed interface) and Web of Science for studies reporting analyses of thrombi retrieved from LVO stroke patients subjected to mechani…