Search results for "carrier"
showing 10 items of 1256 documents
A combined approach for gene discovery identifies insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 1 as a new gene implicated in human endo…
2003
In the past, human endometrial receptivity has been investigated by chasing specific molecules throughout the menstrual cycle. Now the genomic approach allows us to investigate the hierarchical contribution of a high number of genes to a specific function. In this study, we analyzed differentially the gene expression pattern of 375 human cytokines, chemokines, and related factors, plus that of their receptors, in endometrial receptivity. To do this, we used a combined approach of human endometrium and cell lines. We have compared the gene expression pattern in receptive vs. prereceptive human endometria and contrasted the results with gene expression in the highly adhesive cell line (to JAR…
Cadmium binding proteins induced in exposed freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii.
1989
This work describes results on the characterization of cadmium binding proteins (Cd-BPs) obtained from cadmium exposed freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii. After acclimation to laboratory conditions, induction of Cd-BPs was achieved by water exposure at a concentration of 100 micrograms Cd/L during 2, 15, and 30 d. In accordance with the method followed by Engel and Brouwer, in each case two midgut glands were minced and homogenized in Tris-HC1 buffer with PMSF to prevent protease activity and DTT to maintain reducing conditions. The homogenate was centrifuged, heat treated, applied to a column of Sephadex G-75, and eluted with the same buffer (pH 8.6). Absorbances of the fractions coll…
High levels of the molecular chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4 reflect the activation state of endothelial cells
2003
Mdg1/ERdj4, a mammalian chaperone that belongs to the HSP40 protein family, has been reported to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is induced by ER stress, and protects ER stressed cells from apoptosis. Here we show that under normal physiological conditions, Mdg1/ERdj4 is expressed at various levels in the vasculature due to different activation states of the endothelium. To elucidate the stimuli that induce ER stress and thus upregulate Mdg1/ERdj4, we investigated the effect of several endothelium specific stressors on its expression. Mdg1/ERdj4 mRNA is induced by activated macrophages, by nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock, and during terminal cell differentiation, whereas shea…
Perspective on hydrogen energy carrier and its automotive applications
2014
The paper outlines the concept of energy carrier with a particular reference to hydrogen, in view of a more disseminated employment in the field of automotive applications. In particular hydrogen production is analyzed considering the actual state of the art and recent technologies applied in production from the primary sources (fossil fuels, renewable energies, and water electrolysis). Then the problem of hydrogen storage is considered both from technical and economical point of views. In particular, differences between physical and chemical storage are here considered with a particular glance to the most innovative technologies including carbon nanostructures. A review on the main problem…
Different energy balances for the redesign of nearly net zero energy buildings: An Italian case study
2015
Abstract The currently developing concept of a Net Zero Energy Building introduces new challenges and research problems. The calculation of a net zero energy balance is heavily influenced by the energy carrier weighting factors that are chosen, which can deeply influence the future energy market towards adopting specific energy technologies. The following paper proposes an analysis of different definitions and conventions for Net Zero Energy Buildings that employ different calculation methodologies and apply different weighting factors to an Italian case study. The case study, which is called “the Leaf House”, is one of the first examples of a nearly net zero energy building in Italy. A bui…
Smart Community Infrastructures
2016
This chapter outlines the concept of intelligent and multi-service infrastructures, addressing the interesting aspects of multi operability, potential of cogeneration and multi-carrier energy hubs, whose basic concepts were only recently described in [1]. The infrastructures that serve a community, such as energy distribution, water and waste piping, mobility and ICT networks are, in fact, the most important means for efficient operation of cities. The chapter, after outlining the contents of the document ISO TR 37150: 2014 concerning the Smart Community Infrastructures, highlights the different approaches needed to implement them within existing cities and newly built cities. At the end, t…
Energy, economic and environmental analysis on RET-hydrogen systems in residential buildings
2008
The aim of this study was to analyze energy, economic and environmental performances of a set of scenarios dealing with the production and the use of hydrogen as energy carriers in residential applications in combination with renewable energy (RE). The authors also made an investigation into the required economic conditions necessary for making H2–RE residential systems competitive with conventional ones, which are based on the use of grid electricity and natural gas. A case study was enacted in a small residential district in Palermo (Italy) made by five multi-storey buildings. Many energy systems have been considered according to several fuel-device combinations (electric grid, fuel cell,…
Mixed heuristic-non linear optimization of energy management for hydrogen storage-based multi carrier hubs
2014
In this paper, an heuristic and non-linear programming based algorithm to optimally operate an energy hub plant is proposed. The energy hub plant described in this work is the test system for the European INGRID research project. The Energy Management System defines the optimal energy flows dispatch in order to obtain the energy balance and the maximum profit for the owner of the plant. The problem is highly constrained and non-linear, for this reason the methodology cannot rely on Linear Programming (LP) methods. The Energy Management System manages two energy carriers, electricity and hydrogen, interfacing three distribution networks: the electricity, the hydrogen and the methane networks…
Future district heating plant integrated with municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification for hydrogen production
2019
Abstract Characterizing municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical step in planning, designing, operating, or upgrading solid waste management systems. For a theoretical investigation of hydrogen production by gasification and water-gas shift reaction, we characterized Norwegian MSW and used the data. Three different gasification setups, named as ‘A-1’, ‘A&S-2’, and ‘S-3’ were modeled using Aspen plus simulation software for direct and indirect gasification processes according to the different gasification agents. The MSW characterization result showed a reasonable agreement with existing studies in different countries. The maximum hydrogen yield achieved in setup ‘S-3’ was around 94% of the…
Analysis of operator human errors in hydrogen refuelling stations: Comparison between human rate assessment techniques
2013
Abstract The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier for road transport appears to be an optimal solution for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the development of this technology depends on the growth and diffusion of production, storage and refuelling infrastructures together with accurate risk analyses to appropriately design the safety and management systems used in these plants. Moreover, to improve safety standards, it is also important to focus attention on the estimation of hazards related to human factors, as this is one of the major causes leading to accidental events, especially in complex industrial technology. The paper reports a case study relevant to operat…