Search results for "craving"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
Cross-reinstatement by cocaine and amphetamine of morphine-induced place preference in mice
2005
The cross-reinstatement by psychostimulants of a conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine was evaluated in mice. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of a single dose of cocaine and amphetamine on a previously extinguished morphine CPP. After acquisition of CPP induced by morphine (40 mg/kg), animals underwent daily extinction sessions of 15 min duration until the CPP was extinguished. Subsequently, animals received a non-contingent injection of cocaine (25 mg/kg) or amphetamine (4 mg/kg), which produced the reinstatement of the extinguished morphine-induced CPP. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the reinstating effects of several priming doses of cocaine (Experiment 2A) or am…
Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder
2019
ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of slow release oral morphine (SROM) as a treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesThree electronic databases were searched through 1 May 2018: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also searched the following electronic registers for ongoing trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Current Controlled Trials and the EU Clinical Trials Register.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included RCTs of all durations, assessing the effect of SROM on measures of treatment retention, heroin use…
Brief emotional eating scale : A multinational study of factor structure, validity, and invariance
2023
Emotional eating or the tendency to eat in response to emotional states can be assessed using self-report measures. The Emotional Eating Scale-II is a commonly used and reliable instrument that measures the desire to eat in response to a range of unpleasant and pleasant emotions. The current study aimed to corroborate the validity of the EES-II and expand its utility by investigating its dimensionality and testing its measurement invariance in samples from English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. Convergent and predictive validity in respect of food craving, eating, and health indicators were also examined. This cross-national study included a total of 2485 adult participants re…
Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement
2010
Smoking-related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in smokers so far have not employed tobacco advertisement as experimental stimuli. We investigated whether tobacco advertisement elicits cue reactivity at a behavioral (subjective craving) and a neural level (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 22 smokers and 21 never-smokers. Moreover, we studied the influence of severity of dependence on cue reactivity. In smokers, tob…
Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI): Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis
2016
The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was developed to assess smartphone addiction in Taiwanese university students. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SPAI in Italian university students. A total of 485 university students (29.3% boys) completed the SPAI and the Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT).The proposed four-factor model of the SPAI-I was tested by computing CFA, and the results of the goodness of fit indices indicated an ambiguous solution. An exploratory-confirmatory cross validation strategy was applied for a better trimming of SPAI-I factorial structure. Results suggested a five-factor solution that ex…
D-TMS IN COCAINE ADDICTION: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
2013
Drug addiction is a brain disease which leads to profound disturbances in an individual’s behaviour. In spite of the progress made in the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction, expectations from a therapeutic point of view have not been satisfying. Given the modest efficacy of therapeutic tools available, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) seems to be a promising “non-pharmacologic” aid in various neuropathologies(1) including addiction(2) which is characterized by a decrease of dopaminergic activity (DA)(3-4). Thus, ‘restoring’ pre-pathology DA activity may yield clinical benefits in addicts(5). In particular, it has been reported(6) that TMS reduces the…
Understanding Addiction Using Animal Models
2019
Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with grave personal consequences that has an extraordinary global economic impact. Despite decades of research, the options available to treat addiction are often ineffective because our rudimentary understanding of drug-induced pathology in brain circuits and synaptic physiology inhibits the rational design of successful therapies. This understanding will arise first from animal models of addiction where experimentation at the level of circuits and molecular biology is possible. We will review the most common preclinical models of addictive behavior and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. This includes non-contingent models in whi…
Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone App for Adults That Uses Physical Activity as a Tool to Manage Cigarette Craving After Smoking Cessation: A Study Pro…
2015
Article
Internet and computer game addiction - a review of current neuroscientific research
2011
IntroductionA significant part computer game players and internet users show clinical features of abuse and addiction (loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, continuation of game play even with increasing negative consequence in social and academic life). Similar mechanisms are suggested to underlie the pathogenesis and maintenance of internet and computer game addiction and substance-related addictions.ObjectivesNeuroscientific research on internet and computer game addiction is sparse, yet emerging. To review previous studies is the objective of the present project.AimsWe aim to identify common findings regarding the neurophysiological processes underlying internet and computer …
Exploring the phenomenon and possible music therapy approaches from a client and music therapist perspective
2016
It is known that craving can be elicited by various triggers, such as visual and auditory cues.Less is known about music as a trigger for craving. Only recently the interest towards this topic has somewhat increased. Two quantitative studies showed that music can increase and evoke craving. Additionally, some music therapists described experiences of their clients with music and craving. Furthermore, few different therapeutic approaches to cope with this phenomenon in music therapy have been proposed. However, the body of research focusing on this topic remains small. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to further explore if music can elicit craving, if so, how music evokes craving a…