Search results for "farmacologia"

Activation of mGlu3 Receptors Stimulates the Production of GDNF in Striatal Neurons

2009

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been considered potential targets for the therapy of experimental parkinsonism. One hypothetical advantage associated with the use of mGlu receptor ligands is the lack of the adverse effects typically induced by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, such as sedation, ataxia, and severe learning impairment. Low doses of the mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, LY379268 (0.25-3 mg/kg, i.p.) increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and protein levels in the mouse brain, as assessed by in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. This increase was prominent in the striatum, …

Exposure to ototoxic agents and hearing loss: A review of current knowledge

2014

Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that a variety of ototoxic agents (such as drugs, industrial chemicals and noise) can cause sensorineural hearing loss. The most common ototoxic drugs used in clinical practice include: aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics, quinoline anti-malarials, platinum analog antineoplastics, loop diuretics, and acetylsalicylic acid. Among chemical agents with potential ototoxic properties are: organic solvents, heavy metals, organotins, nitriles, asphyxiants, and pesticides/herbicides. Acoustic exposure to high intensity and/or prolonged noise can also cause permanent threshold shifts in auditory perception. Ototoxic agents can influence audito…

Efectos de la modulación colinérgica y la administración de R-(+)-8-OH-DPAT sobre la evitación inhibitoria a lo largo del ciclo vital en ratones

2015

Las sustancias que actúan modulando los sistemas de neurotrasmisión colinérgico y serotoninérgico, como algunos antidepresivos, han demostrado en estudios previos un efecto deteriorante o facilitador en el aprendizaje y memoria de la tarea de evitación inhibitoria en roedores. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el investigar el papel que los sistemas de neurotrasmisión colinérgico y serotoninérgico a través de la administración de diferentes sustancias juegan en la consolidación del aprendizaje de evitación inhibitoria a lo largo de tres etapas del ciclo vital de ratones machos y hembras. Para ello se emplearon fármacos más específicos que interfieren en estos dos sistemas para analizar el efe…

METHADONE VERSUS BUPRENORPHINE: DATA DETECTED FROM CALTANISSETTA SER.T

2018

In last years, heroin-addicted have exponentially increased: this has made it necessary to identify a pharmacological strategy as effective as possible. With this purpose, a statistical investigation was conducted in a sample of individuals, aged between 18 and 50. They were diagnosed and subjected to different treatments at Ser.T of Caltanissetta (Sicily-Italy) during the period 2013-2017. The analyzed patients were treated with three different pharmacological therapy: methadone 0.1%, methadone 0.5%, buprenorphine and suboxone. We obtained percentages of RESPONDERS, LOW RESPONDERS and NON RESPONDERS patients from data processing, based on used therapy. Considering pharmacological responses…

Meccanismi antitumorali degli oli essenziali estratti da piante succulente in un modello di leucemia mielocitica acuta multifarmacoresistente

Neuropeptide Y: una overview sugli effetti di neuro- ed immuno-modulazione

2002

Adipose Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Next-Generation Anti-Obesity Agents

2022

Over the last decade, several compounds have been identified for the treatment of obesity. However, due to the complexity of the disease, many pharmacological interventions have raised concerns about their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to discover new factors involved in the induction/progression of obesity. Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which are mostly isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, are the primary cells contributing to the expansion of fat mass. Like other cells, ASCs release nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are being actively studied for their potential applications in a variety of diseases. Here, we focused on the importance …

Adipokines in obesity and metabolic diseases

2020

Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines that regulate important physiological functions. Growing studies have highlighted that these bioactive molecules may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Adipokines exert systemic metabolic effects and independent activity on numerous cells of the cardiovascular system, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cell walls. Adiponectin shows anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity on blood vessels. Conversely, resistin is endowed with pro-inflammatory effects and stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, thus promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Leptin plays an important role in card…

FITOVIGILANZA: INTERAZIONI FARMACO-FITOTERAPICI IN PAZIENTI ONCOLOGICI ED IMMUNOCOMPROMESSI

2012

Role of acetaldehyde in alcohol addiction: current evidence and future perspectives

2011

The effects of alcohol have been widely studied during the past century, corroborating the idea that this tiny chemical compound acts throughout most of our neurotransmitter systems since it is capable of inducing addictive behaviour. Two of the most serious problems of alcohol addiction are craving and relapse; several studies have demonstrated that relapse is related to the anxious state which occurs during withdrawal, and it has been proved that this behavioural modifications results from an alteration of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. An important role in the neurobiology of alcohol addiction is played by acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol first metabolite. Our recent studies indee…