Search results for "glia"

A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration.

2004

A new system for lineage ablation is based on transgenic expression of a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) in mouse cells and application of diphtheria toxin (DT). To streamline this approach, we generated Cre-inducible DTR transgenic mice (iDTR) in which Cre-mediated excision of a STOP cassette renders cells sensitive to DT. We tested the iDTR strain by crossing to the T cell- and B cell-specific CD4-Cre and CD19-Cre strains, respectively, and observed efficient ablation of T and B cells after exposure to DT. In MOGi-Cre/iDTR double transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in oligodendrocytes, we observed myelin loss after intraperitoneal DT injections. Thus, DT crosses the blood-brain bar…

Profilin1 activity in cerebellar granule neurons is required for radial migration in vivo.

2014

Neuron migration defects are an important aspect of human neuropathies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of such migration defects are largely unknown. Actin dynamics has been recognized as an important determinant of neuronal migration, and we recently found that the actin-binding protein profilin1 is relevant for radial migration of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). As the exploited brain-specific mutants lacked profilin1 in both neurons and glial cells, it remained unknown whether profilin1 activity in CGN is relevant for CGN migration in vivo. To test this, we capitalized on a transgenic mouse line that expresses a tamoxifen-inducible Cre variant in CGN, but no other cerebellar cell …

GSK3β overexpression induces neuronal death and a depletion of the neurogenic niches in the dentate gyrus

2010

Overexpression of GSK3β in transgenic mice induces learning deficits and some features associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including dentate gyrus (DG) atrophy. Here, we assessed whether these mice also recapitulate DG atrophy as well as impaired neurogenesis reported in AD. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that there were fewer and more disorganized neurogenic niches in these animals, coupled with an increase in the proportion of immature neurons. Indeed, the maturation of granule cells is delayed as witnessed by the alterations to the length and patterning of their dendritic trees and to the mossy fiber terminals. Together with an increase in neuronal death, these phenomena lead to…

Effects of neuron-specific ADAM10 modulation in an in vivo model of acute excitotoxic stress.

2008

A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 10 is the main candidate enzyme for the alpha-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Neuron-specific ADAM10 overexpression proved beneficial in the APP[V717I] mutant Alzheimer mouse model [Postina R, Schroeder A, Dewachter I, Bohl J, Schmitt U, Kojro E, Prinzen C, Endres K, Hiemke C, Blessing M, Flamez P, Dequenne A, Godaux E, van Leuven F, Fahrenholz F (2004) A disintegrin-metalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model. J Clin Invest 113:1456-1464]. Since Alzheimer patients have a high prevalence for epileptic seizures, we investigated the effects of ADAM10 modula…

The ANP Genetic Variant RS5068 is Associated With a Favorable Cardiometabolic Phenotype in a Mediterranean Population

2012

Introduction: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) possesses cardiorenal protective properties including natriuresis, aldosterone suppression and vasodilation. Importantly, ANP also exerts lipolytic effects in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies reported that the ANP genetic variant rs5068 is associated with increased plasma levels of ANP, lower blood pressure values, and reduced risk of hypertension. We recently reported that in a random sample of the general population from Olmsted County, MN the G allele of rs5068 was associated with increased levels of ANP, lower blood pressure and BMI, waist circumference, reduced prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. To date, these associations ha…

Taste, movement, and death: varying effects of new prospero mutants during Drosophila development

2003

0022-3034 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; The PGal4 transposon inserted upstream of the pan-neural gene prospero (pros) causes several neural and behavioral defects in the Voila(1) strain. The precise excision of the transposon simultaneously rescued all these defects whereas its unprecise excision created new pros(V) alleles, including the null allele pros(V17). Here, we describe the relationship between the genetic structure of pros locus, larval locomotion, and larval gustatory response. These two behaviors showed varying degrees of variation depending upon the pros allele. We also found a good relation between behavioral alteration, the level …

Deletion of myosin VI causes slow retinal optic neuropathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-relevant retinal phenotype

2015

The unconventional myosin VI, a member of the actin-based motor protein family of myosins, is expressed in the retina. Its deletion was previously shown to reduce amplitudes of the a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram. Analyzing wild-type and myosin VI-deficient Snell’s Waltzer mice in more detail, the expression pattern of myosin VI in retinal pigment epithelium, outer limiting membrane, and outer plexiform layer could be linked with differential progressing ocular deficits. These encompassed reduced a-waves and b-waves and disturbed oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram, photoreceptor cell death, retinal microglia infiltration, and formation of basal laminar deposits. A pheno…

Vite in gioco. Psicopatologia e contesti di vita del gambler

2018

«Moderni e Antichi»: la vitalità e la persistenza della cultura umanistica nella tradizione occidentale

2022

Questa rassegna trae spunto dalla pubblicazione dei primi tre fascicoli della nuova serie della rivista «Moderni e Antichi. Quaderni del Centro di Studi sul Classicismo diretti da Roberto Cardini», pubblicati fra il 2019 e il 2021, a cura del Centro di Studi sul Classicismo di Prato, dalle Edizioni Polistampa di Firenze. This review is inspired by the publication of the first three issues of the new series of magazine «Moderni e Antichi. Papers of the Center for Studies on Classicism directed by Roberto Cardini», published between 2019 and 2021, edited by the Center for Studies on Classicism of Prato, by Edizioni Polistampa from Florence.

Da alminar a torre campanaria: la Giralda di Siviglia. Stato degli studi

2016

Stato degli studi relativo al campanile della Giralda di Siviglia