Search results for "glia"

Astrocytes give rise to new neurons in the adult mammalian hippocampus

2001

Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus persists throughout life in many vertebrates, including humans. The progenitors of these new neurons reside in the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus. Although stem cells that can self-renew and generate new neurons and glia have been cultured from the adult mammalian hippocampus, the in vivo primary precursors for the formation of new neurons have not been identified. Here we show that SGL cells, which express glial fibrillary acidic protein and have the characteristics of astrocytes, divide and generate new neurons under normal conditions or after the chemical removal of actively dividing cells. We also describe a population o…

Distribution patterns of vimentin-immunoreactive structures in the human prosencephalon during the second half of gestation.

1999

Neuronal migration is guided by long radially oriented glial fibres. During late stages of development radial glial cells are transformed into astrocytes. A predominant intermediate filament protein within radial glial cells and immature astrocytes is vimentin. In this study fetal brain sections were used to demonstrate the transient features of vimentin-positive radial glia. In the lower half of the cerebral wall of the 6th gestational month bundles, curvature, and crossing of vimentin-positive fibres are regularly seen. Moreover, fibres terminating on vessels are observed. In the upper half fibres are radially oriented; when ascending towards the pial surface the number and diameter of fi…

Analysis of NO synthase expression in neuronal, astroglial and fibroblast-like derivatives differen-tiating from PCC7-Mzl embryonic carcinoma cells

1999

We studied the expression of the NO synthase isoforms in an in vitro model of neural development using RT-PCR, Western blot and immu- nohistochemistry. Murine PCC7-Mzl cells (Jostock et al., Eur. J. Cell Biol. 76, 63–76,1998) differentiate in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP along the neural pathway into neuron-like, fibroblast-like and astroglia-like cells. Undifferentiated cells showed immunofluorescent staining for neuronal-type NOSI and endothelial- type NOS III. This expression pattern was retained in those cells differ entiating into neurofilament- and tau protein-positive neuronal cells. Thymocyte alloantigen (Thyl.2/CD 90.2)-positive Fibroblasts, appearing …

Franco Modigliani e l’Unione Monetaria Europea

2020

This essay examines Franco Modigliani's contribution to the debate on European monetary integration, from the seventies to the early 2000s as emerging from his articles published mainly on the newspapers of the time and on professional journals. From the debate around the European monetary system to the creation of the single currency, Modigliani generally stood for the integration process and sought to encourage Italian politicians to engage in macroeconomic stabilization processes and to take an active part in the formulation and management of European agreements. At the same time, Modigliani criticized the overly rigid approaches supported by other European countries, in particular Germa…

Effects of Anandamide and Noxious Heat on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Nociceptive DRG Neurons of Rats

2007

As an endogenous agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and the capsaicin-receptor TRPV1, anandamide may exert both anti- and pronociceptive actions. Therefore we studied the effects of anandamide and other activators of both receptors on changes in free cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) in acutely dissociated small dorsal root ganglion neurons (diameter: ≤30 μm). Anandamide (10 μM) increased [Ca2+]iin 76% of the neurons. The EC50was 7.41 μM, the Hill slope was 2.15 ± 0.43 (mean ± SE). This increase was blocked by the competitive TRPV1-antagonist capsazepine (10 μM) and in Ca2+-free extracellular solution. Neither exclusion of voltage-gated sodium channels nor additional blockade of voltage-gate…

Coexpression of heat-evoked and capsaicin-evoked inward currents in acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

1997

Noxious heat is able to activate heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin very rapidly, but little is known about the mechanisms by which heat is transduced. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study the effects of noxious heat and capsaicin on freshly dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Using temperatures between 41 degrees C and 53 degrees C, 8 of 19 small neurons (phior = 30 microm) exhibited a heat-evoked inward current. All heat-sensitive neurons tested were also capsaicin-sensitive. Moreover, the heat response tended to be enhanced after capsaicin (360 +/- 150 pA versus 125 +/- 45 pA, P0.1, n = 7). Two of five heat-insensitive neurons were excited by capsa…

La casa Ipertestuale - Stanze e spazio-soglia

2010

Stanze e spazio soglia Il saggio descrive i risultati di un'esperienza di seminario/workshop extracurriculare, svoltosi a Palermo nel 2005 (dal titolo: “Futura. Come abiteremo domani”). La metafora dell’ipertesto, spesso utilizzata da architetti, filosofi e urbanisti come metafora significativa per descrivere la condizione metropolitana contemporanea, risulta particolarmente efficace quale rappresentazione sintetica dell’idea di casa che abbiamo inteso indagare, per alcune sue qualità essenziali che trovano immediato riscontro nelle nuove modalità dell’abitare. All’interno del tema più generale della casa “ipertestuale”, la sperimentazione diretta dal Emanuele Palazzotto ha inteso esplorare…

Illecito endofamiliare e prova del danno

2012

Immigrati e diritti sociali: parità di trattamento e tutela multilivello

2017

Il saggio analizza la tutela antidiscriminatoria di cui godono i lavoratori immigrati all'insegna di una prospettiva multilivello: più in particolare viene descritto il complesso di strumenti normativi del diritto nazionale ed europeo a tutela delle situazioni giuridiche soggettive degli immigrati (ad es., in materia di sicurezza sociale), per come interpretato dalla Corte Costituzionale, dalla Corte di Giustizia e dalla Corte EDU. Da ultimo, vengono analizzati i recenti orientamenti giurisprudenziali, che oscillano tra l'affievolimento del principio paritario in ragione di sempre più stringenti vincoli di bilancio, e la tendenziale parificazione tra cives e non cives alla luce del principi…

ALLA RICERCA DELL’UGUAGLIANZA NELLA REGOLAMENTAZIONE PENALE DELLA CLANDESTINITA`: UN PRINCIPIO A STRUTTURA INVERSA

2020

Il contributo intende evidenziare il ruolo determinante che nel diritto penale dell’immigrazione assume il livello dell’applicazione normativa ai fatti concreti per riuscire a garantire il rispetto del principio di uguaglianza. I caratteri discriminatori delle previsioni astratte sono, in questa materia più che in altre, destinati ad essere corretti nella fase della concreta applicazione delle norme. Si può in proposito ricorrere ad una immagine del principio di uguaglianza come costruito secondo una struttura inversa: esso non si affida alla capacità ordinante che le norme hanno sulla realtà, ma piuttosto delinea il suo volto a partire dalle esigenze che quest’ultima impone alla qualificaz…