Search results for "hypercholesterolemia"

Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammatory State Present in Familial Hypercholesterolemia is Reduced After a Fat Overload Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Ac…

2010

Pragmatic Analysis of Dyslipidemia Involvement in Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review

2020

Background: Dyslipidemia is the main factor involved in the occurrence and progression of coronary artery disease. Objective: The research strategy is aimed at analyzing new data on the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia involvement in coronary artery disease, the modalities of atherogenic risk estimation and therapeutic advances. Method: Scientific articles published in PubMed from January 2017 to February 2018 were searched using the terms "dyslipidemia" and "ischemic heart disease". Results: PCSK9 contributes to the increase in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). The inflammation is involved in the progression of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Hype…

How registers could enhance knowledge and characterization of genetic dyslipidaemias: The experience of the LIPIGEN in Italy and of other networks fo…

2020

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism, still underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population. Pathology registers could play a crucial role in the creation of a comprehensive and integrated global approach to cover all aspects of this disease. Systematic data collection of patients affected by FH has increased dramatically worldwide in the past few years. Moreover, results from registers already established for the longest time showed their potentialities in the implementation of the knowledge of FH, comparing country-specific approaches and providing real-world data about identification, management and treatment of FH individuals in t…

Selenoprotein synthesis and side-effects of statins.

2004

Statins are possibly the most effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease. They are generally well tolerated, however, they do cause some unusual side-effects with potentially severe consequences, most prominently myopathy or rhabdomyolysis and polyneuropathy. We noted that the pattern of side-effects associated with statins resembles the pathology of selenium deficiency, and postulated that the mechanism lay in a well established, but often overlooked, biochemical pathway--the isopentenylation of selenocysteine-tRNA([Ser]Sec). A negative effect of statins on selenoprotein synthesis does seem to explain many of the enigmatic effects a…

Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease

2000

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by at least three distinct isoforms of NO synthase (NOS). Their substrate and cofactor requirements are very similar. All three isoforms have some implications, physiological or pathophysiological, in the cardiovascular system. The endothelial NOS III is physiologically important for vascular homeostasis, keeping the vasculature dilated, protecting the intima from platelet aggregates and leukocyte adhesion, and preventing smooth muscle proliferation. Central and peripheral neuronal NOS I may also contribute to blood pressure regulation. Vascular disease associated with hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunct…

Hypercholesterolemia and haemostatic function changes

1990

Patients with hypercholesterolemia have elevated levels of LDL and reduced plasma concentration of HDL.

Translational Research for Improving the Care of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The “Ten Countries Study” and Beyond

2016

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common and serious form of inherited hyperlipidaemia. Dominantly inherited with high penetrance, untreated FH leads to premature death from coronary artery disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis from birth. Despite its importance, there is still a major shortfall in awareness, detection and treatment of FH worldwide. International models of care for FH have recently been published, but their effective implementation requires the garnering of more knowledge about the condition. The "Ten Countries Study" aims to investigate diagnostic, epidemiological and service aspects, as well as physician practices and patient experiences of FH in several…

Current insights into the German lipoprotein apheresis standard: PCSK9-inhibitors, lipoprotein apheresis or both?

2017

Abstract According to current European guidelines, lipid lowering therapy for progressive cardiovascular disease including cardiovascular events has to be focused on a target level for LDL-C. In contrast for Lp(a) a threshold has to be defined with respect to the method of measurement. However, due to new lipid lowering drug developments like PCSK9-inhibitors (PCSK-9-I) a therapeutic algorithm for patients with severe hypercholesterolemia or isolated Lipoprotein(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia with progressive cardiovascular disease may be necessary to manage the use of PCSK9-I, lipoprotein apheresis (LA) or both. The therapeutic approach for patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia i…

Beyond Statins: New Lipid Lowering Strategies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

2014

Statins are the first-line therapy in LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and its clinical use has contributed to significant prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Yet, a significant proportion of patients remain at high risk. Recently, a number of new therapies have been developed to further lower LDL-C. These agents may provide clinical benefit on top of statin therapy in patients with high residual risk, severe hypercholesterolemia or as an alternative for patients who are intolerant to statins. We review four novel approaches based on the inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein-B100 (apoB), Cholesteryl ester transport pro…

Genetically determined hypercholesterolaemia results into premature leucocyte telomere length shortening and reduced haematopoietic precursors

2020

Abstract Aims Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening is a marker of cellular senescence and associates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A number of cardiovascular risk factors affect LTL, but the correlation between elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and shorter LTL is debated: in small cohorts including subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We assessed the relationship between LDL-C and LTL in subjects with genetic familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) compared to those with clinically diagnosed, but not genetically confirmed FH (CD-FH), and normocholesterolaemic subjects. Methods and results LTL was measured in mononuclear cells-d…