Search results for "integrated"
showing 10 items of 1783 documents
Emission standards versus immission standards for assessing the impact of urban drainage on ephemeral receiving water bodies
2010
In the past, emission standard indicators have been adopted by environmental regulation authorities in order to preserve the quality of a receiving water body. Such indicators are based on the frequency or magnitude of a polluted discharge that may be continuous or intermittent. In order to properly maintain the quality of receiving waters, the Water Framework Directive, following the basic ideas of British Urban Pollution Manual, has been established. The Directive has overtaken the emission-standard concept, substituting it with the stream-standard concept that fixes discharge limits for each polluting substance depending on the self-depurative characteristics of receiving waters. Stream-…
Quantification of diffuse and concentrated pollutant loads at the watershed-scale: an Italian case study
2009
In this study, diffuse and point source pollutant loads were evaluated using an Italian case study: the Nocella catchment, which has been subject to extensive monitoring. The Nocella catchment is located in Sicily (Italy) and has an area of about 60 km2. The river receives wastewater and stormwater from two urban areas drained by combined sewers. The two sewer systems, two wastewater treatment plants and a river reach were monitored during both dry and wet weather periods. Thereafter, an integrated catchment-scale model was applied to simulate point pollutant sources, i.e., pollution coming from the urban drainage system, and nonpoint pollutant sources, i.e., pollution coming from agricultu…
Groundwater Safety by Monitoring Quality Parameters in Transylvania, Romania
2021
This chapter presents the safety of groundwater in Transylvania, Romania by monitoring quality parameters. At first, presents the aspects regarding the importance of groundwater for humankind, the underground water being regarded as a natural, untreated and free source. Drinking water is used in human food that meets a number of physicochemical and microbiological conditions that allow consumption without endangering health. The case study is carried out in a Romanian region (Alba County—Transylvania), the main appreciation indicators of the underground water sources quality being monitored over time. Concentration/pollution levels were determined by physicochemical and microbiological anal…
Towards A New Decision Support System for Design, Management and Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emiss…
2015
The increasing attention paid to the environment has led to a reduction in the emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the increasing interest in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs suggests that we reconsider the traditional tools used for designing and managing WWTPs. Indeed, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane can be emitted from wastewater treatment, significantly contributing to the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. The reduction of energy consumption as well as GHG emission are of particular concern for large WWTPs which treat the majority of wastewater in terms of both volume and pollution load. Nowadays, there is an increasing need to develop new …
Outdoor performance of north-facing multicrystalline modules in Southern Norway
2012
The present paper deals with reports on an outdoor performance evaluation of multicrystalline modules facing north in Southern Norway. The relevance of this study is mainly for building integrated systems where some of the facades are in a far from optimum position. The impact of shading on the photovoltaic modules' performance is also evaluated. A dedicated experimental set up has been created to study the PV modules performance under the above mentioned conditions. The results indicate significant power extraction from the PV modules even in the north facing direction. Effects of shadowing are also considered.
Design of MOS Current Mode Logic Gates – Computing the Limits of Voltage Swing and Bias Current
2005
Minimizing a quality metric for an MCML gate, such as power-delay product or energy-delay product, requires solving a system of nonlinear equations subject to constraints on both bias current and voltage swing. In this paper, we will show that the limits of the swing and the bias current are affected by the constraints on maximum area and maximum delay. Moreover, methods for computing such limits are presented.
Minimum power-delay product design of MCML gates
2008
This paper describes a methodology for the minimization of the power-delay product of MCML gates. The method is based on the novel concept of crossing point capacitance. The methodology was been validated by designing several gates using in an IBM 130 nm CMOS process.
An Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis of the Factors Influencing US Tourists to Use Airbnb
2019
After 10 years of Airbnb and its significant growth, this research is conducted to identify which factors really matter to Airbnb users today. It provides an integrated approach, since it aggregates factors that other studies have considered separately. With a sample of 101 US respondents, the partial least squares structural equation modelling results evidence that the only factors that influence future intentions to use Airbnb are its unique and varied accommodations and satisfaction. Enjoyment was also found to have a positive effect on Satisfaction. The study further investigates these factors with an Importance Performance map, providing guidance for the prioritization of managerial ac…
Various Approaches to Early Contractor Involvement in Relational Contracts
2021
Abstract The main rationale for involving contractors is to apply collaboration to mitigate risk and to harvest opportunities to reduce cost and to increase the project owner’s value. In the paper we argue in the applied analytical model that there are four levels of early contractor involvement (ECI), which are 1) Preparation of the project (before sparking off competition); 2) During the procurement phase (development of what to build); 3) Project delivery model (before construction contract, but after the contractor and designers are selected); 4) Project delivery model (where involvement also continues in the execution phase). In the paper we argue that category 4 have the largest poten…
THE INTEGRATION OF GREEN-BUILDING TASKS AND PROJECT-DESIGN PROCESSO - CASE STUDY
2018
The development of a green-building project following a specific reference standard such as LEED, brings new conditions and restrains for all subjects involved in the process. Such changes affect technicians, owners, bureaucracy and also the management tasks either during design or construction phases. Within this scope, the management of sustainabilityrelated activities plays a key role for the optimization of the design-project development. This research analyzes the design process of two different case-study projects undergoing the same green-building certification from the project management perspective. In both project sustainability-related activities were performed throughout the de…