Search results for "perception."
showing 10 items of 3582 documents
Oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids and calcium signaling in taste bud cells are altered in nutritionally obesity-prone Psammomys obesus.
2013
Since the increasing prevalence of obesity is one of the major health problems of the modern era, understanding the mechanisms of oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity. We have conducted the present study on Psammomys obesus, the rodent desert gerbil which is a unique polygenic natural animal model of obesity. Our results show that obese animals exhibit a strong preference for lipid solutions in a two-bottle test. Interestingly, the expression of CD36, a lipido-receptor, in taste buds cells (TBC), isolated from circumvallate papillae, was decreased at mRNA level, but remained unaltered at protein level, in obese animals. We further st…
CD36 AA genotype is associated with decreased lipid taste perception in young obese, but not lean, children.
2015
Obesity is an alarming threat for all age groups, including children. Fat overconsumption is one of the factors that directly influences this pathology. Recent studies have suggested that a common variant in the CD36 gene, that is, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1761667-A allele, that reduces CD36 expression, associates with high oral fat detection thresholds in some obese subjects. The objective was to assess fatty acid sensitivity in relation to CD36 SNP in young lean and obese children. We studied lingual detection thresholds for emulsions, containing oleic acid, in Algerian children (n=116, age=8±0.5 years) who were divided into two groups: obese (n=57; body mass index (BMI) z-s…
Cell mechanisms of gustatory lipids perception and modulation of the dietary fat preference.
2014
Dietary lipids are usually responsible of several metabolic disorders. Recent compelling evidences suggest that there is a sixth taste modality, destined for the detection of oro-gustatory fats. The lipid-binding glycoprotein CD36, expressed by circumvallate papillae (CVP) of the mouse tongue, has been shown to be implicated in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids. We demonstrate that linoleic acid (LA) by activating sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2 via CD36, produced arachidonic acid (AA) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) which triggered Ca(2+) influx in CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBC), purified from mouse CVP. LA induced the production of Ca(2+) influx factor (CIF). CIF, AA and Lyso-…
Educare alla sostenibilità. Percezioni e rappresentazioni del cambiamento climatico nella scuola secondaria di II grado: i casi di Palermo e Catanzar…
2021
Questo contributo propone uno studio sulle modalità di percezione del cambiamento climatico da parte dei giovani di età compresa tra i 16 e i 20 anni che vivono nei capoluoghi di due città del Sud Italia, Palermo, capoluogo della Sicilia e Catanzaro, capoluogo della Calabria. Attraverso interviste etnografiche, basate sull’utilizzo di un questionario aperto e sull’osservazione partecipante condotta in due scuole secondarie di secondo grado (una per ogni regione succitata), si è cercato di ricostruire il grado di consapevolezza degli studenti intervistati rispetto al cambiamento climatico in atto, chiedendo loro di indicare quali siano le forme di conoscenza implicate, le possibili cause del…
Il cambiamento climatico nella percezione degli adolescenti: una prospettiva geografica
2020
Uno degli ambiti di studio al momento più ricchi di implicazioni per l’approccio geografico è la percezione sociale dell’incertezza associata ai cambiamenti climatici. In particolare, un contesto interessante è rappresentato dalla percezione del futuro da parte delle generazioni più giovani. Il presente studio, utilizzando una metodologia qualitativa, indaga alcune modalità attraverso cui il cambiamento climatico è percepito da alcuni giovani studenti di età compresa tra 16 e 20 anni di varia nazionalità che vivono in Sicilia. Attraverso un questionario elaborato ad hoc e una contestuale osservazione partecipante di tipo etnografico, ai giovani è stato chiesto di indicare sia le proprie con…
Assessment and treatment of breakthrough cancer pain in Spain: A self-audit study.
2018
e18785Background: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a common condition, but its management may be often suboptimal. We aim to determine if physician’s perception of the management and characterist...
Assessing Preferences in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Phase I and II of Questionnaire Development.
2020
Shared-decision making for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenged by the difficulty to integrate the patient perception of value within the framework of a multidisciplinary team approach. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess the preferences of HNSCC patients with respect to the disease trajectory, expected treatment, and toxicities. In accordance with the standardized EORTC Quality of Life Group&rsquo
The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes.
2006
Contains fulltext : 35205.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, starting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood in the majority of cases. Family and twin studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and candidate gene association studies have identified several loci that exert small but significant effects on ADHD. To provide further clarification of reported associations and identify novel associated genes, we examined 1,038 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 51 candidate genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter pathways, particularly dopamine, nor…
Genome-wide association scan of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
2008
Contains fulltext : 70191.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Results of behavioral genetic and molecular genetic studies have converged to suggest that genes substantially contribute to the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common disorder with an onset in childhood. Yet, despite numerous linkage and candidate gene studies, strongly consistent and replicable association has eluded detection. To search for ADHD susceptibility genes, we genotyped approximately 600,000 SNPs in 958 ADHD affected family trios. After cleaning the data, we analyzed 438,784 SNPs in 2,803 individuals comprising 909 complete trios using ADHD diagnosis as phenotype. We present t…
A Basis Set of Elementary Operations Captures Recombination of Neocortical Cell Assemblies During Basal Conditions and Learning
2019
Cell assemblies — subgroups within neuronal networks — are believed to serve as functional entities underlying cognitive capabilities such as categorical perception or memory formation and storage. However, little is known about their long-term dynamics. Using chronic in vivo calcium imaging in the mouse auditory cortex, we find that cell assemblies undergo continuous recombination, even under behaviorally stable conditions. We identify a basis set of elementary operations capturing the dynamics of cell assemblies, which involve plasticity of both the stimulus tuning of particular assemblies as well as the cellular composition of an assembly. Auditory fear conditioning introduces biases in …