Search results for "principal"
showing 10 items of 795 documents
Using Unfold-PCA for batch-to-batch start-up process understanding and steady-state identification in a sequencing batch reactor
2007
In chemical and biochemical processes, steady-state models are widely used for process assessment, control and optimisation. In these models, parameter adjustment requires data collected under nearly steady-state conditions. Several approaches have been developed for steady-state identification (SSID) in continuous processes, but no attempt has been made to adapt them to the singularities of batch processes. The main aim of this paper is to propose an automated method based on batch-wise unfolding of the three-way batch process data followed by a principal component analysis (Unfold-PCA) in combination with the methodology of Brown and Rhinehart 2 for SSID. A second goal of this paper is to…
Classification of flavonoid compounds by using entropy of information theory
2013
A total of 74 flavonoid compounds are classified into a periodic table by using an algorithm based on the entropy of information theory. Seven features in hierarchical order are used to classify structurally the flavonoids. From these features, the first three mark the group or column, while the last four are used to indicate the row or period in a table of periodic classification. Those flavonoids in the same group and period are suggested to show maximum similarity in properties. Furthermore, those with only the same group will present moderate similarity. In this report, the flavonoid compounds in the table, whose experimental data in bioactivity and antioxidant properties have been prev…
Evaluating the climate SWOT as a tool for defining climate strategies for business
2014
Abstract Climate change is often referred to as the next major force shaping the business environment in which companies operate. This study aims at contributing to the needs of businesses for quicker and cost-efficient ways to strategically plan for the future uncertainty of climate change. When structuring the intertextual field around the underlying study, there are two main fields of contribution: (1) the systematical approach to the complex uncertainty related to climate change and its communication from a strategic perspective; and (2) developing novel approaches to life-cycle-based methodologies. The study includes the life-cycle perspective through a new, simplified method of repres…
Revisiting the Trade-off Between Risk and Incentives: The Shocking Effect of Random Shocks?
2019
Despite its central role in the theory of incentives, empirical evidence of a trade-off between risk and incentives remains scarce. We reexamine this trade-off in a workplace lab environment and find that, in line with theory, principals increase fixed pay while lowering performance pay when the relationship between effort and output is noisier. Unexpectedly, agents produce substantially more in the noisy environment than in the baseline despite weaker incentives. In addition, principals’ earnings are significantly higher in the noisy environment. We show that these findings can be accounted for when agents maximize a non-CARA utility function or when they exhibit loss aversion. Data and t…
Work-related stress of elementary school principals in Finland: Coping strategies and support
2021
The present study aimed to investigate elementary school principals’ self-reported causes of work-related stress, their coping strategies to deal with stress and the support they need for their leadership. Seventy-six principals filled in the questionnaire, which included open-ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that the main sources of stress were workload, interpersonal conflicts, a lack of resources and internal pressures. Moreover, principals used emotion-focused, problem-focused and social coping to deal with stress. Additionally, principals reported a need for problem-focused support and social support for their leadership. T…
Elementary school principals’ work from the ecological systems perspective: Evidence from Finland
2022
The present study aimed to investigate elementary school principals’ work from the ecological systems perspective and which elements of their work are experienced as demands or resources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 principals. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that the way principals experience their work is individual and influenced by several internal and external factors. Some of the most extensive demands appear to be related to interaction with different stakeholders in situations where principals have the role of mediator in solving conflicting situations. Challenges also seem to arise in dealing with elements or issues…
Applications of Kernel Methods
2009
In this chapter, we give a survey of applications of the kernel methods introduced in the previous chapter. We focus on different application domains that are particularly active in both direct application of well-known kernel methods, and in new algorithmic developments suited to a particular problem. In particular, we consider the following application fields: biomedical engineering (comprising both biological signal processing and bioinformatics), communications, signal, speech and image processing.
Semiparametric Models with Functional Responses in a Model Assisted Survey Sampling Setting : Model Assisted Estimation of Electricity Consumption Cu…
2010
This work adopts a survey sampling point of view to estimate the mean curve of large databases of functional data. When storage capacities are limited, selecting, with survey techniques a small fraction of the observations is an interesting alternative to signal compression techniques. We propose here to take account of real or multivariate auxiliary information available at a low cost for the whole population, with semiparametric model assisted approaches, in order to improve the accuracy of Horvitz-Thompson estimators of the mean curve. We first estimate the functional principal components with a design based point of view in order to reduce the dimension of the signals and then propose s…
Measuring the Sustainability of Transportation Infrastructures Through Comparative Life Cycle and Energy Assessment
2020
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on 25 September 2015. It addresses people, planet and prosperity needs and particularly focuses on transport systems that must be 1) Sustainable. 2) Quality and resilient. 3) Safe. 4) Affordable and accessible. The Research Project PRIN USR342 focuses on similar concepts and the expected outputs are 3 paving solutions (made with recycled materials and sustainable technologies), 4 sets of modules (software), and 2 platforms. In this view, the objective of this study is the identification of the best pavement technology in terms of energy and environmental performance. To this aim a LC…
Use of linear discriminant analysis applied to vibrational spectroscopy data to characterize commercial varnishes employed for art purposes.
2007
An improvement of methodologies for characterising synthetic resins used in varnishes employed for art purposes has been suggested. Several kinds of standard of the most common polymeric resins (acrylic, vinyl, poly(vinyl alcohol), alkyd, cellulose nitrate, latex, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, organosilicic, and ketonic) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Synthetic resins characterization is based on the mathematical treatment of their whole spectrum, dividing it in 13 sections, avoiding the one-by-one interpretation of the absorption bands. The mathematical model takes as variables the maximal absorbance of each section, and each synthetic standard resin as …