Search results for "solu"

Organic Nitrate Therapy, Nitrate Tolerance, and Nitrate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Emphasis on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress

2015

Abstract Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (GTN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), when given acutely, have potent vasodilator effects improving symptoms in patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, or arterial hypertension. The mechanisms underlying vasodilation include the release of •NO or a related compound in response to intracellular bioactivation (for GTN, the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH-2]) and activation of the enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase. Increasing cyclic guanosine-3′,-5′-monophosphate (cGMP) levels lead to an activation of…

Interaction of endothelial cells and neutrophilsin vitro: kinetics of thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and vas…

1999

SUMMARYRecently markers of endothelial cell activation or injury gained increasing interest as serological parameters of disease activation in vasculitides. Among these, soluble serum thrombomodulin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin are of particular interest. However, only thrombomodulin showed the expected close correlation. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro the kinetics of these endothelial cell receptors after interaction of unstimulated or cytokine-activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and endothelial cells in order to find evidence explaining these different clinical findings. Over the time period of up to 48 h of incubation the kinetics of thrombomodulin, I…

Biochemistry and pharmacology of novel anthranilic acid derivatives activating heme-oxidized soluble guanylyl cyclase.

2005

The heme-enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an ubiquitous NO receptor, which mediates NO downstream signaling by the generation of cGMP. We studied the mechanism of action of the anthranilic acid derivatives 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino-N-(4-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-benzamide sodium salt (HMR1766) (proposed international nonproprietary name, ataciguat sodium) and 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfonylamino)-4,5-dimethoxy-N-(4-(thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-benzamide (S3448) as a new class of sGC agonists. Both compounds activated different sGC preparations (purified from bovine lung, or crude from human corpus cavernosum) in a concentration-dependent and quickly reve…

The FLuorescence EXplorer Mission Concept-ESA's Earth Explorer 8

2017

In November 2015, the FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) was selected as the eighth Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency. The tandem mission concept will provide measurements at a spectral and spatial resolution enabling the retrieval and interpretation of the full chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum emitted by the terrestrial vegetation. This paper provides a mission concept overview of the scientific goals, the key objectives related to fluorescence, and the requirements guaranteeing the fitness for purpose of the resulting scientific data set. We present the mission design at the time of selection, i.e., at the end of project phase Phase A/B1, as developed by two independent indus…

Dryland vegetation pattern dynamics driven by inertial effects and secondary seed dispersal

2022

This manuscript tackles the study of vegetation pattern dynamics driven by inertial effects and secondary seed dispersal. To achieve this goal, an hyperbolic extension of the classical parabolic Klausmeier model of vegetation, generally used to predict the formation of banded vegetation along the slopes of semiarid environments, has been here considered together with an additional advective term mimicking the downslope motion of seeds. Linear stability analyses have been carried out to inspect the dependence of the wave instability locus on the model parameters, with particular emphasis on the role played by inertial time and seed advection speed. Moreover, periodic travelling wave solution…

The Voyage of Metals in the Universe from Cosmological to Planetary Scales: the need for a Very High-Resolution, High Throughput Soft X-ray Spectrome…

2019

Metals form an essential part of the Universe at all scales. Without metals we would not exist, and the Cosmos would look completely different. Metals are primarily born through nuclear processes in stars. They leave their cradles through winds or explosions, and then start their journey through space. This can lead them in and out of astronomical objects on all scales, ranging from comets, planets, stars, entire galaxies, groups and clusters of galaxies to the largest structures of the Universe. Their wanderings are fundamental in determining how these objects, and the entire universe, evolve. In addition, their bare presence can be used to trace what these structures look like. The scope …

2019

Abstract. The cumulative occurrence of heavy precipitation and flood events during recent years in various Central European locations emphasises the urgent need to improve extreme rainfall observations and forecasts. Precipitation gauges based on a weighing system allow the recording of intense short-term precipitation events with a very high temporal resolution (down to 1 min). In this study, observational data that were collected during the period 2000 to 2016 for 126 stations of two corresponding measuring networks in the Central German state of Hesse were investigated for the first time to answer the following questions: (1) Are the recorded high-resolution precipitation data plausible …

Full-Waveform Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Extracting a High-Resolution 3D Topographic Model: a Case Study on an Area of Archaeological Significance

2014

AbstractThis paper describes a method, which uses full-waveform terrestrial laser scanning to survey the surface of the slope below the Temple of Juno, located in the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento (Sicily, Southern Italy). The surface is characterized by the presence of large rock blocks, which have fallen down from the upper side; possible further detachments of rock blocks would cause a situation of general instability, with a very high risk to the archaeological structures in the near future. The methodology was designed to evaluate the potential of full-waveform laser scanning technology for the production of a very high resolution 3D topographic model of the slope, to be used as a…

Regionalizing rainfall at very high resolution over la Réunion island using a regional climate model.

2014

Abstract Regional climate models (RCMs) should be evaluated with respect to their ability to downscale large-scale climate information to the local scales, which are sometimes strongly modulated by surface conditions. This is the case for La Réunion (southwest Indian Ocean) because of its island context and its complex topography. Large-scale atmospheric configurations such as tropical cyclones (TCs) may have an amplifying effect on local rainfall patterns that only a very high-resolution RCM, forced by the large scales and resolving finescale processes, may simulate properly. This paper documents the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) RCM to regionalize rainfall…

Using very high resolution (VHR) imagery within a GEOBIA framework for gully mapping: an application to the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory

2019

AbstractGully erosion is a form of accelerated erosion that may affect soil productivity, restrict land use, and lead to an increase of risk to infrastructure. An accurate mapping of these landforms can be difficult because of the presence of dense canopy and/or the wide spatial extent of some gullies. Even where possible, mapping of gullies through conventional field surveying can be an intensive and expensive activity. The recent widespread availability of very high resolution (VHR) imagery has led to a remarkable growth in the availability of terrain information, thus providing a basis for the development of new methodologies for analyzing Earth's surfaces. This work aims to develop a ge…