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The Use of Polyols in Pediatrics
1969
Children have a high demand of sugars or similar substances. These ought to be tolerable and easily utilized, furthermore palatable if given by mouth, and apt to supply a sufficient caloric intake. Often, carbohydrates are used as the only source of calories for ill children, e. g. in case of acute disturbances of the intestinal tract (caused by infection or incompatibility of food ingested, by malabsorption syndromes etc.) and in stress situations.
Requirements on resolution of digital imaging equipment in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
1988
We evaluated the requirements on spatial resolution of digital imaging equipment in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Fifty cinefilms of the heart as the biological object and one film of a lead-ladder-pattern as an objective test were used. The patient films were examined for the visibility of the left ventricular angiogram, coronary arterial tree, coronary artery lesions, branching of septal arteries and the number of septal arteries. All films were viewed three times: with a 625 line TV-system, with a 1249 line TV-system and with a cineprojector. It was found that two application areas with different demands on the spatial and temporal resolution can be distinguished: 1) low spatia…
Technical development in cardiac CT: current standards and future improvements—a narrative review
2020
Non-invasive depiction of coronary arteries has been a great challenge for imaging specialists since the introduction of computed tomography (CT). Technological development together with improvements in spatial, temporal, and contrast resolution, progressively allowed implementation of the current clinical role of the CT assessment of coronary arteries. Several technological evolutions including hardware and software solutions of CT scanners have been developed to improve spatial and temporal resolution. The main challenges of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) are currently plaque characterization, functional assessment of stenosis and radiation dose reduction. In this review, we will discu…
Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Therapy of Adults with De Novo Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: An Update of a Double-Blind Rando…
1997
We investigated whether granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) given concomitantly with chemotherapy (CT) improves the outcome of adults with de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) by increasing the efficacy of CT and reducing infections. CT included cytarabine (ara-C) daunorubicin, and etoposide (DAV) for induction and early consolidation therapy and one cycle with high-dose (patients aged ≤50 years) or intermediate-dose ara-C (patients aged >50 years) /daunorubicin for late consolidation therapy. Eighty patients were randomized after DAV 1 to receive either GM-CSF (Escherichia coli, 250 µg/m2 per day, s.c.) or placebo starting 48 h prior to DAV II and the subsequent co…
Physicochemical stability of irinotecan injection concentrate and diluted infusion solutions in PVC bags
2000
Purpose. To determine the physicochemical stability of irinotecan injection concentrate and irinotecan infusion solutions after dilution in two commonly used infusion fluids (0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose) in PVC bags, stored under refrigeration (2-8°C) or at room temperature either light protected or exposed to light. Methods. Stability of irinotecan injection concentrate was determined in the original amber glass vials. Diluted irinotecan infusion solutions were aseptically prepared by further dilution of irinotecan stock solution with either 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose in PVC bags, in amounts yielding irinotecan concentrations of 0.4, 1.0, or 2.8 mg/ml. Test solutions were s…
pH stability of ophthalmic solutions.
2004
Background In this study, we evaluated the pH value of 17 ophthalmic solutions, and we investigated whether the pH of these solutions changed over time after the bottle was opened. Methods Fifteen bottles of each type of solution were chosen at random from different production lots. A 0.05-ml increment was taken from each bottle and was measured daily using a micropH 2002 Crison pH-meter over a period of 30 days. Results The results revealed differences between the pH values of the solutions; nine solutions presented pH values within ocular comfort range and eight solutions presented pH values between 3.5 and 6.4. Ten solutions presented non-statistically significant variations over time ( …
Use of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO): clinical effects on edema and pain
2015
Background Demand for shorter treatment time is common in orthodontic patients. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is a somewhat new surgical procedure which allows faster tooth movement via combining orthodontic forces with corticotomy and grafting of alveolar bone plates. Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) possess hard- and soft-tissue healing properties. Further, evidence of pain-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory potential is growing. Therefore, this study explores the feasibility, intra- and post-operative effects of using L-PRF in PAOO in terms of post-operative pain, inflammation, infection and post-orthodontic stability. Material and methods A pilot prosp…
Differences Between Conventional Anorectal Manometry and High Resolution/High Definition Anorectal Manometry
2020
The book provides a comprehensive overview of high-resolution and high-definition anorectal manometry (HRAM/HDAM), showing the possible benefits of a wider use of these techniques in clinical practice, as well as their limitations. Although these techniques provide fresh insights into anorectal function and offer a new perspective on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of many defecation disturbances, there is a need to clarify whether their use has beneficial effects on clinical management compared to conventional manometry. There is still a considerable way to go to gain the clinical diffusion of esophageal HRM, which has become the gold standard in studying esophageal motility. Indeed, many …
Calculating confidence intervals for impact numbers
2006
Abstract Background Standard effect measures such as risk difference and attributable risk are frequently used in epidemiological studies and public health research to describe the effect of exposures. Recently, so-called impact numbers have been proposed, which express the population impact of exposures in form of specific person or case numbers. To describe estimation uncertainty, it is necessary to calculate confidence intervals for these new effect measures. In this paper, we present methods to calculate confidence intervals for the new impact numbers in the situation of cohort studies. Methods Beside the exposure impact number (EIN), which is equivalent to the well-known number needed …
Calculation of NNTs in RCTs with time-to-event outcomes: A literature review
2008
Abstract Background The number needed to treat (NNT) is a well-known effect measure for reporting the results of clinical trials. In the case of time-to-event outcomes, the calculation of NNTs is more difficult than in the case of binary data. The frequency of using NNTs to report results of randomised controlled trials (RCT) investigating time-to-event outcomes and the adequacy of the applied calculation methods are unknown. Methods We searched in PubMed for RCTs with parallel group design and individual randomisation, published in four frequently cited journals between 2003 and 2005. We evaluated the type of outcome, the frequency of reporting NNTs with corresponding confidence intervals,…